Policy

The neutral real rate of interest, r*, is likely to remain depressed for the foreseeable future. The Fed is likely to take additional incremental measures to boost long-term inflation expectations, including allowing inflation to overshoot its 2% target more frequently. This should be enough to keep long-term Treasury yields on a gradual upward trajectory.

If the Fed convinces markets it is on track to lift rates this year and a couple of times next year, we expect a 10% appreciation of the USD over the next 12 months. This would be extremely bearish for commodities.

Given the rising odds of another Fed move before year-end, and the uncertainty that additional easing can be delivered in Europe and Japan, we re-iterate our tactical call to maintain a below-benchmark duration stance.

Chair Janet Yellen's comments at Jackson Hole reinforce our view that a Fed rate hike is highly unlikely until December. The risk is that overbought equity and junk bond markets correct as an oversold dollar prices in a December move.

The post-Brexit rebound has pushed stocks into overbought territory. U.S. equities, in particular, look increasingly priced for perfection. Higher U.S. rate expectations will push up the dollar, further curbing S&P 500 profit growth. Share buyback activity and dividend growth are slowing, while U.S. election risks are likely to rise. Go short the NASDAQ 100 futures as a tactical hedge.

A Fed rate hike by December could erode the slowly evolving fundamentals favoring base metals.

Investors are being forced into riskier asset classes by the TINA effect, but the gaping macro disequilibria makes it difficult for investors to see how we move back to equilibrium in a benign way. Monetary policy on its own is limited in its ability to soften the adjustment, but the good news is that the political pendulum is swinging toward fiscal stimulus.

We put the odds of a Fed rate hike this year at slightly better than 50/50. But in the event of a rate hike, any sell-off in risk assets will be relatively short-lived and not as severe as the sell-off that followed the initial rate increase last December.

The lack of inflation makes a Fed rate hike before December unlikely. In the interim, the continued flow of liquidity could sustain the high-risk rally.