Technical
Highlights Portfolio Strategy Any advance in Treasury yields should be gradual and more reflective of an improving global economy than it would be restrictive for equities. Book profits in homebuilders and downgrade to neutral. Rising lumber prices will do more harm than good. In contrast, home improvement retailers are in a sweet spot. We reiterate our high-conviction overweight stance. Recent Changes S&P Homebuilding - Downgrade to neutral. Table 1 Feature Equities marked time at the top end of their range last week. A catalyst may be required to sustain a breakout to new highs, as robust corporate profitability and forward guidance, coupled with tame monetary conditions, are battling against a spate of economic disappointments and soft commodity prices. Financial conditions remain sufficiently easy that economic growth should rebound in the back half of the year. The Fed is in no hurry to aggressively tighten monetary policy, owing to the lack of a serious inflation threat. If hard data begin to firm, then investors will gain confidence in the durability of the profit recovery, powering a further share price advance. While there may be some concern that stronger growth will simply embolden the Fed and push up Treasury yields, we doubt that the latter will become a roadblock just yet. Last week we highlighted that it typically takes a rise to at least one standard deviation above the mean in BCA's Treasury Bond Valuation Indicator to warn that the economy and stocks are at risk of a major downturn. That level would equate to 3.3% on the 10-year Treasury yield (Chart 1). Such large moves in Treasury yields do occur occasionally, (Nov/2010-Feb 2011, summer of 2013 and winter of 2016) and have sometimes preceded/caused economic slowdowns and/or financial accidents. The speed of the adjustment clearly plays a role, as short-term spikes are much harder to digest than gradual yield advances. Nominal GDP growth is comfortably above the 10-year Treasury yield, signaling that financial conditions will stay sufficiently easy for some time, barring a major bond selloff (second panel, Chart 2). Chart 1Yields Have Room To Rise##br## Before Becoming Restrictive Chart 2Sales Will Support##br## The Overshoot In other words, any advance in yields should be gradual and more reflective of a better global economy than restrictive, especially given the ongoing gentle softening in the U.S. dollar. The upshot is that the string of economic disappointments should begin to fade. In recent research, we have stressed the importance of a meaningful revival in corporate sector revenue growth in order to sustain sky-high valuations (top panel, Chart 2). Encouragingly, inflation expectations are recovering globally. A whiff of inflation is a positive omen for top line growth prospects. Inflation and economic growth expectations have firmed around the world. Chart 2 shows that euro area sales per share are on track to exit deflation after a multiyear slump, based on the message from the bond market. The same is true for emerging markets. If companies outside the U.S. finally enjoy renewed top-line growth, that would bode well for a continued recovery in U.S. business sales, especially if the U.S. dollar weakens. Chart 3 shows that both EM currencies and regional confidence surveys are heralding ongoing gains in U.S. profits sourced from overseas. Nevertheless, it is critical to keep the backdrop in a longer-term context. BCA's Equity Speculation Index (ESI) signals that the advance is at a very high risk stage (Chart 4). The ESI can stay in elevated territory for a prolonged period, as occurred in 2014/2015, before a correction unfolds. But, investors should maintain some non-cyclical exposure even if the market continues its advance in the short run. Chart 3Foreign-Sourced Profit Support Chart 4The Rally Is Very High Risk This week we are updating our overall view of the consumer discretionary sector and tweaking our housing-related equity positioning. Consumer Discretionary: On The Way To All-Time Highs Consumer discretionary stocks have been portfolio stalwarts in 2017 (outside of autos and select media), advancing by over 10% and besting the S&P 500 by about 400bps. The heavyweight media sub-group (ex-cable and satellite) has come under scrutiny recently, as fears that ad spending will endure a deep slump have resurfaced. However, most of our indicators suggest that ad spending, at least outside of autos, will not suffer a major downturn, given our upbeat outlook for consumption and profits. Cord-cutting is not a new phenomenon, and is already reflected in very washed out profit expectations, both on a cyclical and structural horizon (we will be covering media in more detail in an upcoming Report). Consequently, there are good odds that this impressive consumer discretionary showing will remain intact especially as last Friday's payrolls bounced smartly. Two key drivers have added fuel to this fiery performance: border adjustment tax fears have subsided and soft economic data have given the Fed enough breathing room to continue erring on the dovish side. Importantly, leading indicators of discretionary spending are heralding a solid recovery in consumer outlays. Interest rates remain near generationally low levels and oil price inflation has peaked. The economy is near full employment, signaling that wage inflation will quicken. According to BCA's Income Indicator1, consumer income growth is expected to reaccelerate imminently (bottom panel, Chart 5). While consumers have demonstrated a preference for saving vs. spending, several factors suggest that purse strings should soon loosen. Consumer confidence has soared, buoyed by income gains (third panel, Chart 5). Moreover, new highs in household net worth as a percent of disposable income signal that the upward pressure on the personal savings rate should diminish (second panel, Chart 5). The implication is that recent disappointing consumer spending data should prove transitory. While these factors could ultimately put upward pressure on interest rates, there may be a window where limited inflation pressures and weak credit growth permit only a gradual upshift in the Treasury curve. Regardless, there are other indicators pointing to additional outperformance. For instance, there is still a wide gap between forward earnings breadth and washed-out technical conditions. Roughly 75% of consumer discretionary sub-groups have rising 12-month forward profit estimates. This is sustainable as long as consumers have an incentive to spend. In contrast, the proportion of consumer discretionary sub-indexes with a positive 52-week rate of change and/or are trading above their 40-week moving average remains well below 50%. This divergence between fundamentals and technicals is an exploitable gap, which should narrow via a sustained rise in relative share prices (Chart 6). Chart 5Upbeat Consumption Outlook Chart 6Exploitable Gap Finally, consumer discretionary stocks are no longer expensive. On a relative forward P/E basis they trade below the historical mean and at a discount to the S&P 500. Consumer discretionary EV/EBITDA is also trailing the broad market, as well as its long-term average. If a recovery in consumer outlays pans out in the back half of the year, as we expect, then a re-rating phase is likely. However, not all sub-groups are created equal. This week we are tweaking our housing-related consumer discretionary exposure. Homebuilders' Pain... Homebuilding stocks have been moving sideways for the better part of the past four years in a narrow trading range. They are currently sitting near the top of this range. Is it time to book profits? The short answer is yes. The recent confirmation of U.S. tariffs on Canadian lumber imports represents a source of cost inflation that may embed a risk premium in share prices until a new trade deal can be worked out. Lumber prices have nearly doubled during the past sixteen months and remain the best performing commodity in 2017 (bottom panel, Chart 7). Lumber comprises anywhere between 10%-20% of the cost of a new home, underscoring that a 20% lumber tariff will add to the cost of building a new home, squeezing margins unless homebuilders can pass this cost on via increased house prices. However, we are skeptical that there is a lot of room for new house price increases given that it would make it more difficult to compete with existing house sales. While new homes have taken market share from existing homes since the residential housing market trough earlier in the decade (Chart 8), market share gains have come at the expense of profit margins. Homebuilders have been aggressively discounting properties in order to lure new buyers. Given the buildup in new home inventories, further market share gains are at risk, unless additional selling price concessions materialize. Chart 7Elevated Lumber Prices... Chart 8...Spell Trouble For Homebuilding Margins The implication is that builders would likely have to absorb any input cost inflation, to the detriment of margins. Indeed, homebuilder sales are already decelerating as a consequence of pricing pressure (second panel, Chart 7). A simple homebuilder profit margin proxy (comprising new house price inflation minus the residential construction wage bill) warns that operating margins will compress, irrespective of the path of lumber prices (bottom panel, Chart 8). Nevertheless, there are some positive offsets that prevent us from turning outright bearish on the niche S&P homebuilding index. These counterbalances are related to the stage of the housing recovery. Homebuilders' sales expectations have surged, nearing the previous cycle's peak, according to the NAHB survey (Chart 9). Similarly, overall housing market conditions are probing multi-year highs and buyer traffic has vaulted to the highest level since mid-2005. Homebuilders remain optimistic about new housing demand. Household formation is still running higher than housing starts, representing a bullish backdrop for future new home construction. Rising incomes and a firming job market also bode well for the prospects of residential real estate. In aggregate, house prices are still expanding according to the Case-Shiller indexes and there are pockets of frothiness in select markets. The thirty year fixed mortgage rate recently broke back below 4% (Chart 10) and banks are willing extenders of mortgage credit, allaying fears that the price of credit will undermine housing affordability. According to our updated estimates (not shown), even if mortgage rates spiked 200bps from current levels, neither affordability nor mortgage payments as a percent of median incomes would return to their respective long-term average. Chart 9Housing Market Remains Firm... Chart 10...Warranting A Neutral Stance Still, these positives are already reflected in expectations, as the sell side has aggressively upgraded homebuilding profit estimates. The net earnings revisions ratio has catapulted to a 12-year high (Chart 10). Given our more balanced outlook for homebuilding earnings, we are leaning against this exuberance. Bottom Line: Book profits of 3.4% in the S&P homebuilding index and downgrade to neutral. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: DHI, LEN, PHM. ...Is Home Improvement Retailers' Gain While our confidence in further homebuilding outperformance has ebbed, the opposite is true for the S&P home improvement retail (HIR) index. We put the S&P HIR index on our high-conviction overweight list at the beginning of the year, and so far, so good. HIR stocks have outperformed the broad market and the S&P consumer discretionary sector year-to-date. There are good odds that more gains lie ahead. Industry retail sales are running at a mid-single digit rate, surpassing lackluster overall retail sales (second panel, Chart 11). Importantly, household appliance and furniture selling prices have surged, reinforcing that demand is robust and signaling that HIR same-store sales growth will likely accelerate in the busy spring selling season, and beyond (middle panel, Chart 11). Unlike homebuilders, home improvement retailers benefit from rising lumber prices. HIR companies typically earn a set margin on lumber-related sales. Thus, any absolute increase in lumber prices boosts top line growth, and profit margins (bottom panel, Chart 11). The industry's disciplined approach to store additions in the aftermath of the GFC has set the stage for ongoing selling price gains. Chart 12 shows that while house prices have overtaken the 2006 highs, increasing the incentive for homeowners to remodel and invest in this key asset, building and supply store construction activity has remained depressed. Easier mortgage lending standards should ensure that total home sales activity remains elevated, to the benefit of home prices, and provide the necessary financing needed for large projects (Chart 12). Tight labor markets, rising wages and surging consumer confidence are signaling that consumers have an appetite to re-lever and space to take on more debt (Chart 12). With store capex budgets under tight control, same-store sales and cash flow growth are bound to sustain their solid advance as renovation activity accelerates. All of this is best encapsulated by our HIR model. The model has recently soared, driven by the drop in fixed mortgage rates and surge in lumber prices, signaling that the path of least resistance is higher for relative share prices (top panel, Chart 11). Indeed, relative profits have already soared to fresh highs, also signaling the same for relative share prices (top panel, Chart 13). Oddly, analysts are overly pessimistic about the industry's sales and earnings growth prospects. In fact, top line growth estimates are trailing those of the broad market, and the 12-month forward relative profit growth hurdle is set very low at 2% (middle panel, Chart 13). Chart 11All Signals Flashing Green Chart 12Capacity Restraint Is Paying Dividends Chart 13Earnings Led Advance Given the positive message from leading indicators of remodeling activity we are far more optimistic, and expect both relative top and bottom line growth numbers to overwhelm. Bottom Line: The re-rating phase in the S&P home improvement retail index has room to run. We reiterate our high-conviction overweight stance. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: HD, LOW. 1 Please see Foreign Exchange Strategy Weekly Report, "U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat," dated March 31, 2017, available at fes.bcaresearch.com. Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Favor small over large caps and stay neutral growth over value.
Highlights The headwinds against commodity currencies are still brewing, the selloff is not over. Global liquidity conditions are deteriorating and EM growth will disappoint. The valuation cushion in commodity currencies and EM plays is not large enough to compensate for the red flags emanating from financial markets. The euro is peaking. A capitulation by shorts is likely early next week. A move to 1.12 should be used to sell EUR/USD. Feature Commodity currencies have had a tough nine weeks, weakening by 5% in aggregate, helping boost our short commodity currency trade returns to 3.8%. At this juncture, the key questions on investors' minds is whether or not this trend will deepen and if this selloff will remain playable. We believe the answer to both questions is yes. A Less Friendly Global Backdrop When observed in aggregate, the past 12 months represented a fertile ground for commodity currencies to perform well as both global liquidity and growth conditions were on one of the most powerful upswings in the past two decades, lifting risk assets in the process (Chart I-1). Chart I-1The Zenith Is Passing Global Liquidity Is Drying When we look at the global liquidity picture, the improvement seems to be over, especially as the Fed, the key anchor to the global cost of money, is more confidently embracing its switch toward a tighter monetary policy. It is true that U.S. Q1 data has been punky at best; however, like the Fed, we think this phenomenon will prove to be temporary. Recently, much ink has been spilled over the weakness in the auto sector. However, when cyclical spending is looked at in aggregate, the picture is not as dire and even encourages moderate optimism. Driven by both corporate and housing investment, cyclical sectors have been growing as a share of GDP (Chart I-2). This highlights that poor auto sales may have been a sector specific development and do not necessarily provide an accurate read on the state of household finances. Chart I-2Autos Do Not Paint The Full Picture For The U.S. Cyclical Spending Is Firm... Moreover, the outlook for household income is still positive. Our indicator for aggregate household disposable income continues to point north (Chart I-3). As we have highlighted in recent publications, various employment surveys are suggesting that job growth should improve in the coming months.1 Also, this week's productivity and labor cost report showed that compensation is increasing at a nearly 4% annual pace. This healthy outlook for household income, combined with the consumer's healthy balance sheets - debt to disposable income stands near 14 year lows while debt-servicing ratios are still near 40 year lows - and elevated confidence suggests that house purchases can expand. With the inventory of vacant homes standing at 11 year lows, this positive backdrop, along with the improving household-formation rate, is likely to prompt additional housing starts, lifting residential investment (Chart I-4). Chart I-3Bright U.S. Household ##br##Income Prospects Chart I-4As Households Get Formed,##br## Housing Starts To Pick up For the corporate sector, the strength in survey data is also likely to result in growing capex (Chart I-5). Not only have "soft" data historically been a good leading indicator of "hard" data, but the outlook for profit growth has also improved substantially. Profit growth is the needed ingredient to realize the positive expectation of business leaders embedded in "soft" data. Profit itself is very often dictated by the trend in nominal revenue growth. The fall in profits in 2016 mostly reflected the fall in nominal GDP growth to 2.5%, which produced a level of revenue growth historically associated with recessions (Chart I-6). As such, the recent rebound in nominal GDP growth, suggests that through the power of operating leverage, profit should also continue to grow, supporting capex in the process. Chart I-5Business Confidence Points ##br##To Better Growth And Capex... Chart I-6...Especially As A Key Profit##br## Driver Is Improving With the most cyclical sector of the U.S. economy still on an upswing, the Fed will continue to increase rates, at least more aggressively than the 45 basis points of tightening priced into the OIS curve over the next 12 months. With liquidity being sucked into the U.S. economic machine, international dollar-based liquidity, which is already in a downtrend, is likely to deteriorate further (Chart I-7). Moreover, global yield curves, which were steepening until earlier this year, have begun flattening again, highlighting that the tightening in global liquidity conditions is biting (Chart I-8). This will represent a continuation of the expanding handicap against global growth, and EM growth in particular. Chart I-7Global Dollar Liquidity Is Already Poor Chart I-8A Symptom Of The Tightening In Liquidity Global Growth Conditions Are Also Past Their Best, Especially In EM Global growth conditions are already showing a few troubling signs, potentially exerted by the tightening in global liquidity. To begin with, while our global leading economic indicator is still pointing north, its own diffusion index - the number of nations with improving LEIs versus those with deteriorating ones - has already rolled over. Normally, this represents a reliable signal that growth will soon peak (Chart I-9). For commodity currencies, the key growth consideration is EM growth. Here too, the outlook looks precarious. The impulse to EM growth tends to emerge from China as Chinese imports have been the key fuel to boost exports, investments, and incomes across a wide swath of EM nations. Chinese developments suggest that Chinese growth, while not about to crater, may be slowing. Chinese monetary conditions have been tightening abruptly (Chart I-10, top panel). Moreover, this tightening seems to be already yielding some results. The issuance of bonds by smaller financial firms has been plunging, which tends to lead the growth in aggregate total social financing (Chart I-10, bottom panel). This is because the grease in the shadow banking system becomes scarcer as the cost of financing rises. Chart I-9Deteriorating Growth##br## Outlook Chart I-10Chinese Monetary Conditions ##br##Are Tightening This situation could continue. Some of the rise in Chinese interbank rates to two-year highs reflects the fact that easing capital outflows have meant that the PBoC can tighten monetary policy through other means. However, the recent focus by the Beijing and president Xi Jinping on financial stability and bubble prevention, suggests that there is a real will to see tighter policy implemented. This means that the decline in total credit growth in China should become more pronounced. As a result, this will weigh on the country's industrial activity, a risk already highlighted by the decline in Manufacturing PMIs (Chart I-11). Additionally, this decline in credit growth tends to be a harbinger of lower nominal GDP growth, and most importantly for EM and commodity producers, a foreboding warning for Chinese imports (Chart I-12). Chart I-11China Industrial ##br##Growth Worry Chart I-12Slowing Chinese Credit Impulse ##br##Will Weigh On EM Growth Financial markets are already flashing red signals. The Canadian Venture exchange and various coal plays have historically displayed a tight correlation with Chinese GDP growth.2 Today, they are breaking below key trend lines that have defined their bull markets since the February 2016 troughs (Chart I-13). This message is corroborated by the recent weakness in copper, iron ore, and oil prices. Additionally, the price of platinum relative to that of gold is also breaking down. While the VW scandal has a role to play, this breakdown is also a symptom of the pain on growth created by the tightening in global liquidity conditions. In the past, the message from this ratio have ultimately been heeded by EM stock prices, suggesting that the recent divergence is likely to be resolved with weaker EM asset prices (Chart I-14). Confirming this risk, the sectoral breadth of EM equities has also deteriorated, and is already at levels that in the past have marked the end of stock advances (Chart I-15). At the very least, the narrowing of the EM bull market should prompt investors in EM-related plays to pause and reflect. Chart I-13Two Worrisome Breakdowns##br## On Chinese Plays Chart I-14Platinum's Dark##br## Omen For EM Chart I-15The Falling Participation ##br##In The EM Rally This moment of reflection seems especially warranted as EM assets do not have much cushion for unanticipated growth disappointment. The implied volatility on EM stocks is near cycle lows, so are EM sovereign CDS and corporate spreads (Chart I-16). This picture is mimicked by commodity currencies. Even after the recent bout of weakness, the aggregate risk-reversal in options points to a limited amount of concern, and therefore, a growing risk of negative surprises (Chart I-17). Chart I-16Little Cushion##br## In EM Assets Chart I-17Commodity Currency Options##br## Turn Optimistic As Well If commodity currencies have already depreciated in the face of a slightly soft dollar and perky EM asset prices, we worry that further weaknesses will emerge if the dollar strengthens again and EM assets self-off on the back of less liquidity and more EM growth disappointment. If the price of platinum relative to that of gold was a signal for EM assets, it is also a good indicator of additional stress in the commodity-currency space (Chart I-18). Chart I-18Platinum Raises Concerns ##br##For Commodity Currencies As Well We remain committed to our trade of shorting a basket of commodity currencies. AUD is the most expensive and most exposed to the Chinese tightening of the group, but that doesn't mean much. The Canadian housing market seems to be under increased scrutiny thanks to the combined assault of rising taxes on non-residents and growing worries about mortgage fraud, which is deepening the underperformance of Canadian banks relative to their U.S. counterparts. If this two-front attack continues, the housing market, the engine of the domestic economy, may also prove to weaken faster than we anticipated. Finally, the New Zealand dollar too is expensive even if domestic economic developments suggest that its fair value may be understated by most PPP metrics. Bottom Line: The outlook for the U.S. economy remains good, but this will deepen the tightening in global liquidity. When combined with the tightening of monetary conditions in China, this suggests that global industrial activity and EM growth in particular could disappoint, especially as cracks in the financial system are beginning to appear. Moreover, EM assets and commodity currencies do not yet offer enough of a valuation cushion to fade this risk. Stay short commodity currencies. Macron In = Buy The Euro? The euro has rallied a 3.6% since early April, mostly on the back of Emmanuel Macron's electoral victories. Obviously, the last big hurdle is arriving this weekend with the second round. The En Marche! candidate still leads Marine Le Pen by a 20% margin. Wednesday's bellicose debate is unlikely to overturn this significant lead. The Front National candidate's lack of substance seems to have weighed against her in flash polls. If anything, her performance might have prompted some undecided Mélanchon voters to abstain or cast a "vote blanc" this weekend instead of picking her. This was her loss, not Macron's win. Does this mean that the euro has much upside? A quick rally toward 1.12 early next week still seems reasonable. New polls are beginning to show that En March! might perform much better than anticipated in the legislative election. Also, the center-right Les Républicains should also perform very well, resulting in the most right wing, pro-market Assemblée Nationale in nearly 50 years. While these polls are much too early to have any reliability, they may influence the interpretation by traders of Sunday's presidential election. However, we would remain inclined to fade any such rally. As we highlighted last week in a Special Report, our EUR/USD intermediate-term timing model shows that the euro is becoming expensive tactically, and that much good news is now in the euro's prices (Chart I-19).3 Additionally, investors have been excited by the rebound in core CPI in the euro area, a development interpreted as giving a carte-blanche to the ECB to hike rates sooner than was anticipated a few months ago. Indeed, currently, the first hike by the ECB is estimated to materialize in 27 months, versus the more than 60 months anticipated in July 2016. We doubt that market participants will bring the first rate hike closer to the present, a necessary development to prompt the euro to rally given our view on the Fed's tightening stance. We expect the rebound in the European core CPI to prove transient. Not only does European wage dynamics remain very poor outside of Germany, our country-based core CPI diffusion index has rolled over and points to a decelerating euro area core CPI (Chart I-20). Chart I-19EUR/USD: ##br##Good News In The Price Chart I-20European Core CPI Rebound ##br##Should Prove Transient Additionally, as we argued four weeks ago, tightening Chinese monetary conditions and EM growth shocks weigh more heavily on European growth than they do on the U.S.4 As such, our EM view implies that the euro area's positive economic surprises might soon deteriorate. Therefore, the favorable growth differential between Europe and the U.S. could be at its zenith. Shorting the euro today may prove dangerous, as a violent pop next week is very possible if the last euro shorts capitulate on a positive electoral outcome. Instead, we recommend investors sell EUR/USD if this pair hits 1.12 next week. Moreover, for risk management reasons, despite our view on the AUD, we are closing our long EUR/AUD position at a 6.9% gain this week. Bottom Line: Emmanuel Macron's likely victory this weekend could prompt a last wave of euro purchases. However, we are inclined to sell the euro as economic differentials between the common currency area and the U.S. are at their apex. Moreover, European core CPI is likely to weaken in the coming quarters, removing another excuse for investors to bid up the euro. Close long EUR/AUD. A Few Words On The Yen The yen has sold-off furiously in recent weeks. The tension with North Korea and the rise in the probability of a Fed hike in June to more than 90% have been poisons for the JPY. We are reluctant to close our yen longs just yet. Our anticipation that EM stresses will become particularly acute in the coming months should help the yen across the board. That being said, going forward, we recommend investors be more aggressive on shorting NZD/JPY than USD/JPY. Mathieu Savary, Vice President Foreign Exchange Strategy mathieu@bcaresearch.com 1 Please see Foreign Exchange Strategy Weekly Report titled “The Last Innings Of The Dollar Correction”, dated April 21, 2017, available at fes.bcaresearch.com 2 Please see Foreign Exchange Strategy Weekly Report titled "Healthcare Or Not, Risks Remain", dated March 24, 2017, available at fes.bcaresearch.com 3 Please see Foreign Exchange Strategy Special Report titled "Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models", dated April 28, 2017, available at fes.bcaresearch.com 4 Please see Foreign Exchange Strategy Weekly Report titled "ECB: All About China?", dated April 7, 2017, available at fes.bcaresearch.com Currencies U.S. Dollar Chart II-1USD Technicals 1 Chart II-2USD Technicals 2 The Fed decided to keep the federal funds rate unchanged at the 0.75% - 1% range. The Committee highlighted the Q1 GDP weakness as transitory, as the labor market has tightened more since their last meeting, inflation is reaching its 2% target, and business investment is firming. Continuing and initial jobless claims both beat expectations; However, ISM Manufacturing PMI came in less than expected at 54.8; PCE continues to fluctuate around the 2% target, coming in at 1.8% from 2.1%; ISM Prices Paid came in at 68.5, beating expectations. Furthermore, the Committee expects that "near-term risks to the economic outlook appear roughly balanced", and that "economic activity will expand at a moderate pace". The market is now pricing in a 93.8% probability of a hike. We therefore expect the dollar to continue its appreciation after the French elections. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 The Last Innings Of The Dollar Correction - April 21, 2017 The Fed And The Dollar: A Gordian Knot - April 14, 2017 The Euro Chart II-3EUR Technicals 1 Chart II-4EUR Technicals 2 Macron's lead over Le Pen has risen after the heated debate between the two rival candidates. We believe these dynamics were a key bullish support for the euro in the run up to elections as the possibility of a Le Pen victory is being completely priced out. Adding to this optimism is a plethora of positive data from Europe. Business and consumer confidences have both pick up. German HICP came in at 2% yoy; Overall euro area headline CPI came in at 1.9%, and core at 1.2%. Nevertheless, labor market data in the peripheries, as well as the overall euro area, was disappointing. We believe this highlights substantial slack in the economy, and will keep the ECB from increasing rates any time soon. We expect the euro to climb in the short run, but the longer-run outlook remains bleak. Look to short EUR/USD at 1.12. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 The Last Innings Of The Dollar Correction - April 21, 2017 The Fed And The Dollar: A Gordian Knot - April 14, 2017 The Yen Chart II-5JPY Technicals 1 Chart II-6JPY Technicals 2 Economic data in Japan has been positive this past week: The unemployment rate went down to 2.8%, outperforming expectations. Retail trade annual growth came in 2.1%, also outperforming expectations. The jobs offer-to-applicants ratio came in at 1.45. This last number is significant, as this ratio has reached it 1990 peak, and it provides strong evidence that the Japanese labor market is very tight. Eventually, this tight labor market will exert pressures on wage inflation. In an environment like Japan, where nominal rates are capped, rising inflation would mean a collapse in real rates and consequently a collapse on the yen. Thus, we are maintaining our bearish view on the yen on a cyclical basis. On a tactical basis, we continue to be positive on the yen, given that a risk-off period in EM seems imminent. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat - March 31, 2017 Et Tu, Janet? - March 3, 2017 British Pound Chart II-7GBP Technicals 1 Chart II-8GBP Technicals 2 In spite of the tougher rhetoric coming from Brussels recently, the pound has maintained resilient and has even gain against the U.S. dollar. Indeed, recent data from the U.K. has been positive: Markit Services PMI came in at 55.8, outperforming expectations. Meanwhile, Markit Manufacturing PMI came in at 57.3, crushing expectations. Additionally, both consumer credit and M4 money supply growth also outperformed. Overall we continue to be positive on the pound, particularly against the euro, as we believe that expectations on Britain are too pessimistic, while the ability for the ECB to turn hawkish limited given that peripheral economies are still too weak to sustain tighter monetary conditions. Against the U.S. dollar the pound will have limited upside from now, given that it has already appreciated substantially. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 The Last Innings Of The Dollar Correction - April 21, 2017 Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Australian Dollar Chart II-9AUD Technicals 1 Chart II-10AUD Technicals 2 The RBA left its cash rate unchanged at 1.5%. The Bank also stated that its "forecasts for the Australian economy are little changed." It remains of the opinion that the low interest rate environment continues to support the outlook. This will also be a crucial ingredient to generate a positive outcome in the labor market in the foreseeable future. This past month has been very negative for the antipodean currency, with copper and iron ore prices displaying a similar behavior, losing almost 10% and 25% of their values since February, respectively. With China tightening monetary policy, and dissipating government spending soon to impact the Chinese economy, we remain bearish on AUD. In brighter news, the Bank's trimmed mean CPI measure increased by 1.9% on an annual basis, beating expectations of 1.8%. This is definitely a positive, but economic slack elsewhere could limit this development. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat - March 31, 2017 AUD And CAD: Risky Business - March 10, 2017 New Zealand Dollar Chart II-11NZD Technicals 1 Chart II-12NZD Technicals 2 Data for New Zealand was very positive this week: The participation rate came in at 70.6%, outperforming expectations. Employment growth outperformed expectations substantially in the first quarter of 2017, coming in at 1.2%. The unemployment rate also outperformed coming in at 4.9% This recent data confirms our belief that inflationary pressures in New Zealand are stronger than what the RBNZ would lead you to believe. Indeed, non-tradable inflation, which measures domestically produced inflation is at its highest since 2014. Eventually, this will lead the RBNZ to abandon its neutral bias and embrace a more hawkish one, lifting the NZD in the process, particularly against the AUD. Against the U.S. dollar the kiwi dollar will likely have further downside, as the tightening in monetary conditions in China should weigh on commodity prices. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat - March 31, 2017 Et Tu, Janet? - March 3, 2017 Canadian Dollar Chart II-13CAD Technicals 1 Chart II-14CAD Technicals 2 The oil-based currency has once again succumbed to fleeting oil prices, depreciating to a 1-year low. U.S. crude inventories have recently been declining by less than expected and production in Libya has been increasing. Moreover, headline inflation dropped 0.5% from its January high of 2.1%. The Bank of Canada acknowledged the weak core CPI data in its last monetary policy meeting, but instead chose to focus on stronger economic data to change their stance to neutral. As the weakness in oil prices proves temporary due to another likely OPEC cut, headline inflation should pick up again. However, labor market conditions and economic activity remain questionable based on the weakness of recent data: retail sales are contracting 0.6% on a monthly basis, and the raw materials price index dropped 1.6%. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 The Fed And The Dollar: A Gordian Knot - April 14, 2017 AUD And CAD: Risky Business - March 10, 2017 Swiss Franc Chart II-15CHF Technicals 1 Chart II-16CHF Technicals 2 Recent data in Switzerland has been mixed: Real retail sales growth came in at 2.1%, crushing expectations. However, Aprils PMI underperformed coming in at 57.4 against expectations of 58.3. Additionally, the KOF leading indicator came in at 106, al coming below expectations. EUR/CHF now stands at its highest level since late 2017 and while data has not been beating expectations it still very upbeat. We believe that conditions are slowly being put into place for the SNB to abandon its implied floor, given that core inflation is approaching its long term average. Therefore, once the French elections are over, EUR/CHF will become an attractive short, given that the euro will once again trade on economic fundamentals rather than political risks. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 The Fed And The Dollar: A Gordian Knot - April 14, 2017 Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Norwegian Krone Chart II-17NOK Technicals 1 Chart II-18NOK Technicals 2 The krone continues to depreciate sharply. This comes as no surprise given that oil is now down 13% in 2017. Overall we expect that oil currencies will outperform metal currencies given that oil prices will have less sensitivity to EM liquidity and economic conditions. That being said, it is hard to be too bullish on oil if China slows anew, even if one believe that the OPEC deal will stay in place . This means that USD/NOK could have additional upside. On a longer term basis, there has been a slight improvement in Norwegian data, as nominal retail sales are growing at a staggering 10% pace, while real retail sales are growing at more than 2%, which are a 5-year and a 2-year high respectively. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Outlook: 2017's Greatest Hits - December 16, 2016 Swedish Krona Chart II-19SEK Technicals 1 Chart II-20SEK Technicals 2 The April Monetary Policy meeting delivered an unexpected decision, with members deciding to extend asset purchases till the end of the year, while delaying the forecast for a rate hike to mid-2018. Recent inflationary fluctuations and weak commodity prices support the Riksbank's actions. Forecasts for both inflation and the repo rate were lowered for 2018 and 2019. The Riksbank highlighted that "to support the upturn in inflation, monetary policy needs to be somewhat more expansionary", and is prepared to be more aggressive if need be. This increasingly dovish rhetoric by the Riksbank contrasts markedly with the FOMC's hawkish tilt, a dichotomy that will prove bearish for the krona relative to the greenback. Implications for EUR/SEK are a little more blurred, as the ECB will also remain dovish for the foreseeable future. However, Sweden's attentive and cautious stance on its currency's strength will cap any downside in EUR/SEK. Report Links: Updating Our Intermediate Timing Models - April 28, 2017 Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Outlook: 2017's Greatest Hits - December 16, 2016 Trades & Forecasts Forecast Summary Core Portfolio Tactical Trades Closed Trades
Highlights Portfolio Strategy The consumer staples recovery is sales-driven, underscoring that additional outperformance lies ahead. The lagging hypermarkets and retail food industries are starting to play catch up, reflecting a shift in consumer spending patterns. Use the drubbing in air freight shares to upgrade to overweight. Recent Changes S&P Air Freight & Logistics - Upgrade to overweight from neutral. Table 1Sector Performance Returns (%) Feature Equities caught a bid last week, after holding at the bottom end of their tactical trading range. The overall consolidation phase likely has further to run, but should ultimately be resolved in a positive fashion. Chart 1Ongoing Margin Expansion Real economic performance continues to lag relative to exuberant 'soft' economic survey data, while the odds of meaningful pro-cyclical U.S. fiscal largesse fade. Inflation expectations are softening as commodity prices dip, while the yield curve is narrowing. These factors are likely to sustain ambiguity about the durability and strength of the expansion. But in the background, the corporate sector continues to heal slowly, aided by the hiatus in the U.S. dollar bull market. The latter is enabling some corporate pricing power revival. Our pricing power diffusion index has surged alongside our pricing power proxy (Chart 1, second panel). The broadening of selling price inflation bodes well for the sustainability of corporate sector pricing power gains. We have updated our industry group pricing power gauges (see Table 2), comprising the respective CPI, PPI, PCE and commodity year-over-year changes for 60 industry groups. The table details the most recent annual and 3-month pricing power trends and each industry's spread to overall inflation in order to identify potential profit winners and losers. Our analysis reveals that ¾ of the industries tracked are experiencing rising selling prices, and half are also besting overall inflation rates. Only 14 of 60 industries are in outright deflation, versus 19 in January and 23 last September. Importantly, 31 of 60 industry groups are enjoying a rising pricing trend, a 50% increase from last quarter, 9 are moving laterally and only 20 are fading. The implication is that upward momentum in pricing power is gathering steam. Importantly, the rate of selling price inflation is outpacing wage bill growth, which heralds some incremental near-term torque for profit margins (Chart 1, bottom panel). Are there any themes of note? Cyclical sectors continue to dominate the table with energy and materials taking the top two spots, although recent corrective action in the commodity pits suggests that these gains may peter out. The technology sector is a notable exception within deep cyclicals, as most tech sub-groups still have to slash prices (Table 2). Early cyclicals (or interest rate-sensitives) also show strength, with banks, insurers, and media-related groups managing to lift selling prices at a decent rate. Select defensives like health care and utilities are expanding pricing power, but the overall consumer staples and telecom services sectors are lagging. Table 2Industry Group Pricing Power Adding it all up, there are tentative signs that the profit advantage may be starting to slowly shift away from defensives. In that light, we are closely monitoring several factors that could expedite a transition to a more balanced portfolio from our current defensive bias. First, the gap between hard and soft data remains unusually wide (Chart 2). The longer hard data takes to play catch up, the less likely the Fed will be re-priced more aggressively. History shows that until this gap narrows, defensive sectors are likely to retain the upper hand in terms of relative performance (Chart 2), while financials could continue to languish owing to uncertainty about the path of future Fed policy. Second, commodity prices and the U.S. dollar - especially versus emerging market (EM) currencies - are still signaling that the cyclical/defensive ratio has more downside (Chart 3). Finally, within the context of the current broad equity market consolidation, it should continue to pay to remain with a defensive over cyclical portfolio tilt for a little while longer (Chart 4, top panel). Chart 2The Gap ##br##Is Closing Chart 3Monitoring The U.S. ##br##Dollar And Commodities1 Chart 4Stick With Defensives##br## For A While Longer Nevertheless, we will likely use this phase to make additional portfolio adjustments. The wide gap between emerging/developing markets performance and the cyclical/defensive share price ratio has narrowed significantly year-to-date, suggesting that defensive outperformance may be in the late stages. In sum, equity markets are in a transition phase and we are further tweaking our intra-industrials positioning after using recent underperformance to upgrade to neutral. We are also updating our high-conviction consumer staples view, and two unloved staples sub-groups. The Consumer Staples Sector Remains Appealing As part of this year's defensive sector leadership, the consumer staples sector has confounded its critics and registered a solid year-to-date relative performance gain. We expect additional near-term upside on the back of both internal and external drivers. Consumer staples companies are enjoying a revenue renaissance. Domestically, non-discretionary retail sales are gaining market share from discretionary outlays (Chart 5), reflecting consumers structurally ingrained propensity to save vs. spend since the financial crisis. Even exports are contributing to rising revenues, despite the U.S. dollar's appreciation (Chart 5). Easing monetary conditions in the emerging markets are underpinning domestic demand, benefiting U.S. staples exporters. Improving demand and cost containment are boosting operating profit margins (Chart 5, fourth panel). This should ensure that the sector continues to register meaningful free cash flow growth, a refreshing difference with the overall corporate sector. Meanwhile, external factors also point to a further relative performance recovery. The bond-to-stock ratio is joined at the hip with relative performance momentum, and a mean reversion phase is unfolding (Chart 6). Geopolitical uncertainty, the risk of a cooling in economic momentum following the downturn in the Economic Surprise Index could fuel flows into this non-cyclical sector. Chart 5Domestic And International##br## Positive Demand Drivers Chart 6Financial Variables ##br##Reinforce Staples Bid There is both valuation and technical motivation for capital inflows. Chart 6 shows that our Technical Indicator has troughed near one standard deviation below the historical mean. Every time this has occurred in the last decade, a sizable relative share price recovery has ensued. There are no valuation roadblocks, countering the assertion that defensive sectors are all overvalued in relative terms (Chart 6). As a result, this sector remains a high-conviction overweight, especially with two previous lagging groups now exhibiting signs of a recovery. Hypermarket Green-Shoots The hypermarkets industry is sprouting a number of green-shoots that should further propel the recent advance in relative share price performance. The industry is enjoying profit margin support on two fronts. Import prices are still deflating (Chart 7), and the nascent rebuilding in Asian manufacturing inventories suggests that pricing pressure will persist. On the revenue front, Wal-Mart recently noted that store traffic continues to improve, albeit aided by discounting. A tight labor market is supporting aggregate wage growth, especially those in lower income brackets, which is supportive of total hypermarkets sales. Importantly, the need to slash prices to attract more customers should abate courtesy of improving demand. The overall retail sales price deflator has climbed into positive territory. Hypermarket sales growth is highly correlated with overall retail selling price inflation (Chart 8). Chart 7Input Costs Will Remain Contained Chart 8Low Profit Hurdle At least some of the improvement in pricing power reflects an easing in food industry deflation, which implies that the intensity of price wars with food retailers will diminish. Total outlays on food and beverages are climbing as a share of total consumer spending after falling for six consecutive years (Chart 8). These elements are captured by our hypermarkets earnings pressure gauge, which is signaling a rosier sales and EPS growth backdrop (Chart 8, fourth panel). If the border adjustment tax continues to lose momentum, the risk premium for this group should narrow. Food Retailers Are Down, But Not Out Elsewhere, the drubbing in food retailers looks overdone. The relative share price ratio is at a multi-decade low. Investor fears have concentrated on industry selling price deflation, which has weighed on already razor thin profit margins. Nevertheless, a turnaround is afoot, and we would lean against extreme bearishness. As noted previously, consumer spending on food and beverages are gaining a foothold relative to overall outlays. That is supporting a reacceleration in grocery store same-store sales. With the unemployment rate this low, wage inflation is expected to sustain recent gains. Rising incomes are synonymous with higher consumer spending power. Thus, the rebound in industry sales has more upside (Chart 9). The upshot of consumers' increased food appetite is that the food CPI is exiting deflation (Chart 10). That should go a long way in allaying investor profit margin concerns. Chart 9Buy The Wash ##br##Out In Food Retailers... Chart 10...Because The Deflation##br## Threat Is Diminishing Previous pricing pressure forced grocers to refocus on productivity. The industry's total wage bill has cooled significantly. Our productivity proxy, defined as sales/employee, is accelerating, hitting growth rates last seen more than five years ago, when share prices were trading at much higher valuations (Chart 10). Bottom Line: We reiterate our overweight stance both in the S&P hypermarkets and the compellingly valued S&P food retail index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in these indexes are: WMT, COST and KR, WFM, respectively. Air Freight Stocks Will Spread Their Wings The sell-off in transportation stocks has progressed to the point where pockets of value are materializing. Specifically, air freight and logistics stocks have been pummeled, trading down to the bottom of their post-GFC trading range (Chart 11). This is a playable opportunity. Relative performance has returned to levels first reached in the depths of the GFC. Bears have pushed valuations and technical conditions to extremely washed out levels. Both the forward P/E and price-to-sales ratios have collapsed, trading significantly below their historical means and at a steep discount to the S&P 500 (Chart 11). To be sure, a number of forces have fueled the selling. Industry activity is running below capacity, as evidenced by weakness in industry average weekly hours worked (Chart 11). The loss of momentum in internet sales compared with bricks and mortar retail sales may be causing some concern about the pace of future land deliveries (Chart 11). Walmart's news that it is offering an in-store pick up option for online orders has also spooled investors. Amazon's push for its own delivery service is a longer-term yellow flag. Nevertheless, deeply discounted valuations and depressed earnings growth expectations imply that these drags are already reflected in prices. In fact, more recently analysts have pushed the net earnings revision ratio back into positive territory. We expect additional upside as global trade improves. While we were concerned about global trade last November when we downgraded to neutral, there is more evidence now that global revenue ton miles will reaccelerate. The surge in BCA's boom/bust indicator and advance in the business sales-to-inventories (S/I) ratio are both signaling that global trade will continue to recover (Chart 12). The sustainability of the S/I improvement looks solid. The global manufacturing PMI has shot higher on the back of a synchronized developed and emerging market final demand improvement, which heralds accelerating global export volumes (Chart 12). hiatus in the U.S. dollar bull market has also provided much needed reflationary relief to the emerging world. We expect these global forces to overwhelm recent domestic freight demand concerns. Importantly, global exports have been positively correlated with air freight pricing power and the current message is to expect price hikes to stick (Chart 13, third and fourth panels). Keep in mind that air freight companies typically command greater pricing power when the supply chain is lean and lead times begin to lengthen, because companies will pay up to ensure product/parts availability. Chart 11Grim News Is Well Discounted Chart 12Recovering Global Trade... Chart 13...Is A Boon To Air Freight Pricing Power In sum, a durable recovery in global trade should ignite an earnings led relative outperformance phase in the S&P air freight & logistics index. Bottom Line: Boost exposure to overweight in the S&P air freight & logistics sub-group. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5AIRFX - UPS, FDX, CHRW, EXPD. Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Favor small over large caps and stay neutral growth over value.
Highlights Portfolio Strategy Operating leverage could surprise on the strong side this year, based on the message from our pricing power and wage growth indicators. REITs are experiencing a playable recovery following the Fed-induced sell-off earlier this year, and overweight positions will continue to pay off. Energy services activity is set to steadily accelerate this year, powering an earnings-led share price outperformance phase. Recent Changes There are no changes to our portfolio this week. Table 1 Feature Volatility has climbed to the highest level since the U.S. election, signaling that the broad market is not yet out of the woods. As stocks recalibrate to a cooling in economic growth momentum and an escalation in geopolitical threats, downside risks should be reasonably contained by mounting signs of a healthier corporate sector. Last week we posited that stronger top line revenue growth is necessary to sustain the profit upcycle, and provide justification for historically rich valuations. Chart 1 shows sales and EPS growth over the long-term. Chart 1Joined At The Hip Obviously, the two move closely together, with earnings enjoying more powerful growth phases when revenue accelerates. Since 1960, regression analysis shows that operating leverage for the S&P 500's is 1.4X. In other words, a 5% increase in sales growth typically leads to 7% EPS growth. When sales are initially recovering from a deep slump operating leverage can be even higher, with earnings often rising two to three times as fast as revenue. Clearly, that is not sustainable, but can give the illusion of powerful and sustained growth for brief periods of time. At the current juncture, there are reasons to expect investors to embrace the durability of the profit expansion. Our corporate pricing power proxy has vaulted higher. Importantly, the breadth of this surge has been impressive, which bodes well for its staying power (Chart 2, second panel). On the flip side, rising labor costs look set to take a breather. Compensation growth has crested, and according to our diffusion index, fewer than half of the 18 industries tracked have higher wages than last year. The wage growth diffusion index provides a reliable leading indication for the trend in labor expenses. In other words, pricing power is rising on a broad basis while wage inflation is decelerating on a broad basis. Consequently, there are decent odds that resilient forward operating margin expectations can be matched (Chart 2, bottom panel). Elsewhere, a revival in animal spirits, the potential for easier fiscal policy and prospects for a hiatus in the U.S. dollar bull market bode well for brisk business activity. While the budding recovery in global trade could sputter if protectionism proliferates, our working assumption is that the U.S. Administrations' bark will be worse than its bite. Thus, a self-reinforcing sales and profit upcycle could be materializing. The objective message from our S&P 500 EPS model concurs (Chart 3), underscoring that high single digit/low double digit profit growth could be broadly perceived as attainable this year. Chart 2Profit Margins Can Expand Chart 3Few Sectors Control The Fate Of S&P 500 EPS True, our model has recently shown tentative signs of cresting, but difficult comparisons will only arise later this year. Indeed, Q3 and Q4 2016 were all-time high EPS numbers, implying that 12% estimated growth rates are a tall order (Chart 3, middle panel). Importantly, dissecting the profit growth sectorial contribution is instructive. Calendar 2017 over 2016 S&P 500 earnings growth is concentrated in four sectors: tech, energy, health care and financials comprise over 87% of the incremental profit growth expected (Chart 3, bottom panel). The upshot is that there is a high degree of concentration risk to fulfilling overall profit growth expectations. Energy profits are wholly dependent on the oil price, and financial sector profit optimism appears to have embedded a healthy increase in both interest rates and capital markets activity. In addition, tech sector earnings are heavily influenced by the U.S. dollar. Consequently, it will be critical for monetary conditions to stay loose, otherwise estimates will be at risk of downward revisions. Adding it up, the corporate sector sales pendulum is finally swinging in a positive direction, which should support the cyclical overshoot in stocks for a while longer, notwithstanding our expectation that the current corrective phase has further to run. This week we are updating our high-conviction overweight views on both the lagging energy services index and REIT sector. Revisiting REITs REITs have staged a mini V-shaped rebound after being punished alongside rising bond yields and worries about aggressive Fed rate hikes earlier this year. As outlined in recent Weekly Reports, the reflation theme is likely to lose steam in the second half of the year as economic momentum cools, providing additional impetus for capital inflows into the more stable income profile of REITs. Even if the economy proves more resilient and Treasury yields move higher, there are few barriers to additional outperformance. Our Technical Indicator, a combination of rates of change and moving average divergences, is extremely oversold. Forward intermediate and cyclical relative returns from current readings have been solid, as occurred in 2004, 2008 and 2014 (Chart 4). REIT valuations are more than one standard deviation below normal, according to our gauge. This suggests that poor operating performance and/or higher discount rates are already expected. There may be a limit as to how high bond yields can climb, given that they are already deep in undervalued territory according to the BCA 10-year Treasury Bond Valuation Index (Chart 4). Regardless, history shows that REITs have typically had a more positive than negative correlation with bond yields. The inverse correlation has only been in place since the financial crisis, when zero interest rate policies pushed massive capital flows into all yield generating assets. Chart 5 shows that prior to 2008, REITs outperformed during periods of both rising and falling Treasury yields. Chart 4Unloved And Undervalued Chart 5No Concrete Correlation Pre GFC Similarly, REITs have a solid track record during periods of rising inflation pressures. Since 1975, there have been six periods of rising core PCE inflation: REITs have enjoyed meaningful rallies during five of these phases (Chart 6). Hard assets tend to hold their stock market value well when overall inflation moves higher, with REIT net asset values providing solid support to share price performance. Chart 6Buy REITs In Times Of Inflation Looking ahead, REITs should continue to enjoy success in boosting rental rates. Occupancy rates continue to rise (Chart 7). The unemployment rate is low, consumption is decent and businesses are growing increasingly confident. That is a recipe for higher rental demand. Our Rental Rate Composite has crested on a growth rate basis, but the advance in the CPI for homeowner's equivalent rent, a good proxy for REITs, suggests that the path of least resistance remains higher (Chart 7). REIT supply growth has also leveled off, which provides additional confidence that rental inflation will remain solid. Nevertheless, there are some areas of concern. Banks are tightening lending standards on commercial real estate loans. Some sub-categories are experiencing a mild deterioration in credit quality. For instance, Chart 8 shows that delinquency rates in the retail and office spaces have edged higher. Retail and mall REITs are likely under structural pressure owing to online competition from the likes of Amazon. Chart 7Rental Demand##br## Is Solid Chart 8Watch Delinquencies As ##br##Banks Tighten Credit Standards Overall vacancy rates are still very low (Chart 8), but if credit becomes too tight, then the relentless advance in commercial property prices may cool. For now, our REIT Demand Indicator is not signaling any imminent stress. In fact, the economy is strong enough to expect occupancy rates to keep climbing, to the benefit of underlying property valuations and rental income (Chart 7, bottom panel). In sum, the budding rebound in REIT relative performance should be embraced as the start of a sustained trend. Total return potential is very attractive on a relative basis. Bottom Line: REITs remain a very attractive high-conviction overweight. Energy Servicers Are Cleaning Up Their Act We put the S&P energy services index on our high-conviction overweight list at the start of the year, because three critical factors that typically lead to a playable rally existed, namely; the global rig count had hit an inflection point, oil supplies were easing and global oil production growth had begun to decelerate. While the pullback in oil prices has undermined relative performance for the time being, there is scope for a full recovery, and more. Oil prices have firmed, underpinned by a revival in the geopolitical risk premium following the U.S. bombing campaign in Syria. There is already a wide gap between share prices and oil prices (Chart 9, top panel), and a narrowing is probable, especially as earnings drivers reaccelerate. There are tentative signs that capital spending cuts are finally reversing. The global rig count has rebounded, and is a good leading indicator for investment (Chart 10). This message is corroborated by our Global Capex Indicator, which has recently surged anew (Chart 10). Chart 9Room For ##br##Margin Improvement... Chart 10...As Deflation Eases ##br##And Capex Rebounds The longer that oil prices can stay in their current trading range, or beyond, the more time E&P balance sheets have to heal and the greater the odds that the cost of capital will be reduced. Against this backdrop, there are high odds that previously mothballed exploration projects will be restored. The V-shaped recovery in the global oil rig count, albeit from a very low base, will eventually absorb excess capacity and allow the industry to escape deflation. A major improvement in day rates is unlikely given the scale of the previous capacity boom, but even a modest pricing power improvement should provide a nice boost given high operating leverage. EBITDA margins have considerable room to improve if pricing power grows anew (Chart 9, bottom panel). Importantly, the shifting composition of global production will allow service companies with domestic exposure to shine. Shale oil producers should recapture lost market share, given that the onus to rebalance markets has been taken on by OPEC. OPEC production is contracting, while non-OPEC output is starting to recover (Chart 11, bottom panel), culminating in a widening in the Brent-WTI oil price spread. Production restraint is helping to rebalance physical oil markets. Total OECD inventory growth is reversing, and anecdotal reports are surfacing that floating storage is rapidly being depleted. Oil supply at Cushing is on the cusp of contracting, which is notable given that this has had a high correlation with relative share price performance for the past decade (oil supply shown inverted, Chart 11). On a global basis, global inventory drawdowns have been correlated with a firming industry relative profitability, and vice versa. OECD oil supply growth is rapidly receding, which augurs well for an extension of budding earnings outperformance (Chart 12, middle panel). Chart 11Receding Inventories ##br##Should Boost Performance... Chart 12...EPS And##br## Valuations The rise in clean tanker rates reinforces that oil demand is rising quickly enough to expect additional inventory depletion (Chart 12, bottom panel). Typically, tanker rates and energy service relative valuations are positively correlated. Adding it up, a rising global rig count, decelerating inventories and restrained oil production continue to bode well for a playable rally in the high-beta S&P energy services group. Bottom Line: We reiterate our high-conviction overweight stance in the S&P energy services index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5ENRE - SLB, HAL, BHI, NOV, FTI, HP, RIG. Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Favor small over large caps and stay neutral growth over value.
Portfolio Strategy Any meaningful weakness in the U.S. dollar could accelerate the budding recovery in corporate revenue growth after a multiyear malaise. Following this year's underperformance, lift the industrials sector to neutral via an upgrade in machinery stocks. The recent jump in auto parts stocks is a selling opportunity. Recent Changes S&P Industrial Machinery - Boost to overweight from underweight. S&P Construction Machinery & Heavy Trucks - Lift to neutral from underweight. S&P Industrials Sector - Remove from high conviction underweight and augment to neutral. Table 1Sector Performance Returns (%) Consolidation remains the dominant tactical market theme. The question is whether momentum behind the cyclical advance will fade at the same time? Our sense is that the overshoot will reassert itself once the corrective phase has run its course. Two weeks ago we updated a number of qualitative factors that suggested that a major market peak had not yet arrived, even though the rally is approaching retirement age and valuations are full. Other variables concur. For instance, while cash holdings are being depleted, they are not yet running on empty, gauging from survey data or depicted as a share of total market capitalization. Surprisingly, there are still a large number of bearish individual investors (Chart 1). Thus, drawing sidelined cash back into stocks at current stretched valuations and with buoyant expectations requires a resumption of top-line growth. Revenue growth has been conspicuously absent throughout the past few years of the bull market. Companies have supported per share profits through cost cutting and aggressive share buybacks, typically funded through debt issuance. Sustaining high valuations without reinvesting for growth is hard enough, but it becomes an even more onerous task without top-line expansion. There is room for cautious optimism. Deflation pressures have abated, and companies are enjoying a modest pricing power revival. As outlined in our regular industry group pricing power updates, the majority of sectors and industries are now able to lift selling prices, and an increasing number are able to keep pace with overall inflation. Our pricing power proxy has moved decisively back into positive territory (Chart 2), following a pattern typically reserved for when the economy exits recession. Even deflation in the chronically challenged retailing sector is ebbing. Chart 1Bears Still Have A Little Cash Chart 2Revenue Revival Importantly, both core inflation and inflation expectations remain well below the zone that would cause the Fed to tighten more aggressively than is currently expected (Chart 3). If financial conditions remain relatively easy, then business activity should stay sufficiently brisk to foster further pricing power improvement, i.e. a return to deflation is unlikely. The readings from both the ISM services and manufacturing sectors, and firming business confidence (Chart 2), indicate brighter revenue opportunities. The pickup in world trade volumes implies that goods and services are flowing more freely than they have for several years, and provided protectionist policies do not gain traction, a rebound in global growth should be supportive of total business sales. We doubt there is a vigorous top-line thrust ahead given that potential GDP growth around the world is limited, but modest growth is probable. If the U.S. dollar were to weaken substantially, especially if it occurred within the context of better economic growth abroad, then revenue upside would increase. Chart 4 shows that S&P 500 sales advanced significantly after the last two major U.S. dollar bull markets peaked. Chart 3The Fed Still Has Latitude Chart 4A Top-Line Boom ##br##Requires Dollar Depreciation In sum, the sales outlook has brightened, which is critical to absorbing the increase in labor costs and cushioning the profit margin squeeze. If investors begin to factor in sales-driven earnings growth, rather than buyback and cost cutting-dependent improvement, then it is plausible that the overshoot in stocks will be extended for a while longer. As outlined in recent weeks, the easing in the U.S. dollar allows for some selective bargain hunting in the lagging deep cyclical sectors, which have underperformed this year. This week we are prospecting in the industrials sector. The Wheels Are Turning: Upgrade Machinery Machinery stocks have been stronger than we anticipated. It is doubtful that an underweight position will pay off even if the broad market stays in a corrective phase. Many of the sales and earnings drags on the broad machinery industry, which comprises both industrial machinery and construction machinery & heavy trucks indexes, are lifting. Our primary concerns had been that the overhang from a lack of resource-related investment and a strong U.S. dollar would undermine sales performance (Chart 5). The former may not change much given poor resource balance sheet health, but the U.S. dollar has stopped appreciating. The currency bull market may have gone on extended hiatus if foreign growth continues to improve and the recent disappointing U.S. labor market report was the beginning of a period of economic cooling, as we expect. Despite the resilience of relative share performance, the machinery group is not overpriced based on a normalized relative forward P/E basis (Chart 5). A move to above average valuations requires an acceleration in relative profits. The objective message from our models has turned upbeat. Our Global Capital Spending Indicator has climbed back into positive territory. That primarily reflects the firming in global purchasing manager's surveys. G3 capital goods order momentum has not yet pushed above zero, but should soon recover based on our model (Chart 6). Chart 5Two Drags, But... Chart 6... Other Engines Are Revving Developing economies may soon participate to a greater degree, if the budding turnaround in long moribund Chinese loan demand gains traction (Chart 6). While China has begun to target a cooler housing market, the improvement in overall credit demand should provide an important offset. Other developing countries are easing policy and trying to spur growth, which should help machinery consumption. When global output growth recovers, machinery demand tends to demonstrate its high beta characteristics. Chart 6 shows that our global, excluding the U.S., machinery new orders proxy has jumped sharply in recent months, consistent with our global machinery exports proxy (Chart 6). While the previously strong U.S. dollar threatened to divert this demand to non-U.S. competitors, the playing field has leveled: U.S. machinery new orders have accelerated. The revival in coal prices is a major plus, given that the coal industry is a key source of domestic machinery demand (Chart 7, second panel). The new order jump, especially compared with inventories, bodes well for additional strength in machinery output (Chart 7, middle panel). Faster production should further propel our productivity proxy, which already suggests analyst earnings upgrades lie ahead (Chart 7). Better machinery sales prospects will add to the productivity gains already evident from cost control and capacity restraint. Chart 8 shows that machinery companies have had a clear focus on profit margin preservation. Headcount continues to contract, while inventories at both the wholesale and manufacturing levels are lean. Chart 7New Order Recovery Chart 8Lean There is corroborating evidence of tight supplies, as machinery selling prices are climbing anew even though factory utilization rates are not far off their lows (Chart 8). If demand strength persists, then additional pricing power upside is probable. All of this argues for making a full shift from underweight to overweight in the S&P industrial machinery group. This full upgrade does not extend to the S&P construction machinery & heavy trucks sub-component. Heavy truck sales are very weak, and the outlook for agriculture and food prices is shaky. Food commodity prices remain depressed (Chart 9), which will limit agricultural spending budgets. There is a high correlation between raw food price inflation and relative forward earnings estimates. Moreover, we remain skeptical that the resource industry is about to embark on a major expansion. Instead, only maintenance capital spending is probable, which is not conducive to driving a meaningful increase in construction machinery demand. It is notable that Caterpillar's machine sales to dealers continue to contract throughout most regions of the world. As such, chronic pricing power pressure will persist, keeping relative forward earnings under wraps (Chart 9). In sum, we are shifting our industrial machinery recommendation from underweight to overweight, to reflect the hiatus in the U.S. dollar bull market and firming in other leading top-line growth indicators. The S&P construction machinery & heavy trucks index only warrants an upgrade to neutral. These allocation changes argue for removing the overall industrials sector from our high-conviction underweight list, protecting the profit that accrued from year-to-date underperformance. From an industrials sector standpoint, it has paid to be skeptical of extrapolating the scale of the surge in leading sentiment indicators, such as capital spending intentions. However, enough evidence has now materialized to expect that the contraction in industrials sector relative forward earnings momentum should soon draw to a close. Core durable goods orders recently returned to growth territory, supporting the budding upturn in our Cyclical Macro Indicator (Chart 10). Both herald profit stabilization. Pricing power has rebounded, although capital goods import prices are still deflating, albeit at a lesser rate. Chart 9A Laggard Chart 10Our Models Have Perked Up Importantly, U.S. export price inflation is no longer lagging the rest of the world, suggesting that the U.S. manufacturers are regaining competitiveness (Chart 10). The upshot is that deflationary pressures are easing. Bottom Line: Lift the S&P industrial machinery index to overweight and the S&P construction machinery & heavy trucks index to neutral. We are also taking the industrials sector off of our high-conviction underweight list and raising allocations to neutral, partially to protect against a continued lateral move in the U.S. dollar. The ticker symbols for the stocks in the S&P construction machinery & heavy truck index are: BLBG: S5CSTF-CAT, PCAR, CMI. The ticker symbols for the stocks in the S&P industrial machinery index are: BLBG: S5INDM-ITW, IR, PH, SWK, FTV, DOV, PNR, SNA, XYL, FLS. Auto Components: Engine Trouble While we are upbeat on the broad consumer discretionary index and recently augmented restaurants to overweight, the niche S&P auto components index remains in the underweight column. Is such bearishness still warranted, especially following recent signs of life in share prices? The short answer is yes. Vehicle sales have plateaued and are unlikely to reaccelerate because pent-up demand has been fully exhausted and auto credit is harder to come by. Banks have started tightening the screws on auto loans. Auto loan delinquency rates are hooking up and charge-off rates have been rising sequentially since Q2/2016 according to the latest FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile. That reflects previous lax lending standards, especially in the sub-prime category. As credit availability dries up, auto loan growth will continue to deteriorate. Chart 11 shows that subprime auto loan originations have an excellent track record in leading light vehicle sales, given that they represent the marginal buyer. Moreover, rising interest rates are also denting affordability (Chart 11, bottom panel). All of this suggests low odds of renewed strength in vehicle demand. The last time vehicle sales flat-lined was in the middle of the last decade, from 2003 to 2007, share prices underperformed reflecting a relative valuation squeeze (Chart 11). Importantly, deflation has taken root in the auto industry and will likely intensify in the coming months. Auto factories are reasonably quiet, in sharp contrast with the recovery in overall industrial production (Chart 12). Chart 11Tighter Auto Loan Standards... Chart 12... Will Sustain Deflationary Forces The auto shipments-to-inventories ratio is probing multi-decade lows and car parts inventories both at the retail and manufacturing levels are beginning to pile up (Chart 13). Without a resurgence in vehicle sales, inventory liquidation pressures will rise, reinforcing the deflationary impulse and warning that industry earnings will likely underwhelm. Moreover, used car prices have nosedived. Used car prices tend to lead new car price inflation (Chart 12). Recent anecdotes of cutthroat competition in dealerships, with massive incentives failing to turn around sales, signal that deflation along the supply chain will likely become entrenched. Finally, international sales are unlikely to fill in the domestic void. Emerging markets (ex-China) automobile sales have been contracting, heralding an underperformance phase for the S&P auto components index (Chart 14, top panel). Chart 13Too Much Supply Chart 14No Global Relief There could be a respite if the U.S. dollar weakens substantially (Chart 14, second panel), but historically high relative valuations warn that optimism has already run ahead of the cloudy earnings outlook (Chart 14, bottom panel). Adding it up, auto demand will remain uninspiring as banks tighten their grip on auto loan lending standards, industry deflation is gaining steam owing to inventory accumulation, and there is no sizeable offset from foreign sales. This is recipe for an underweight position. Bottom Line: We reiterate our underweight stance in the S&P auto components index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in the S&P 1500 auto components index are: DLPH, GT, BWA, GNTX, DAN, DORM, LCII, CTB, CPS, THRM, AXL, FOXF, SMP, MPAA, SUP. Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Favor small over large caps and stay neutral growth over value.
Highlights The European economy has outperformed that of the U.S. recently, prompting investors to bring forward their estimates of the first ECB rate hike. To make this judgement, one really needs to be positive on EM economies in general, and China in particular. This sphere is the source of the growth delta between Europe and the U.S. The recent tightening in Chinese monetary conditions points to risks for European growth bulls. In fact, we would expect emerging markets growth to begin disappointing in the coming months, which will limit the capacity of the ECB to hike by 2019. Cyclically, stay short the euro and commodity currencies. While cyclical headwinds against the yen are plentiful, the tightening in Chinese monetary conditions could provide a further temporary fillip for the JPY. Feature Chart I-1The Reason Behind The Euro's Resilience 2016 witnessed an astounding phenomenon: Euro area growth outperformed that of the U.S. This performance is even more impressive as Europe's trend GDP growth is around one percentage point lower than that of the U.S. As investors internalized this development, their perception of the ECB changed: from the first hike being expected 59 months in the future in July 2016, the ECB is now expected to hike in 2019 (Chart I-1). Obviously, with this kind of a move, the euro was able to remain resilient, even as 2-year real rates differentials moved in favor of the USD. Are markets correct to extrapolate the recent European economic strength into the future, or is there more at play? We believe that in fact, Europe's growth outperformance has mostly reflected something else: EM and Chinese resilience. This means that if our Emerging Market Strategy team is correct and EM economic conditions begin to soften anew, the days of economic outperformance in Europe are marked. Other FX crosses will feel the blow. Betting On Faster European Rate Hikes = Betting On A Further EM Rally Core inflation in Europe remains muted and in fact, slowed substantially last month (Chart I-2). Meanwhile, U.S. core CPI and PCE inflation are still clocking in at 2.2% and 1.8%, respectively, and remain perky when compared to the euro area. Going forward, for the path of the ECB policy to be upgraded relative to the Fed, thus, prompting a durable rally in the euro, economic slack in Europe needs to continue to dissipate faster than in the U.S. The recent economic data still points toward future growth improvement in Europe and in the global manufacturing cycle. Not only have euro area PMIs been very strong, Sweden's have also shot to the moon (Chart I-3). The small, open nature of Sweden's economy suggests that some real improvement is brewing behind the scenes. Hence, it would suggest that this European inflation underperformance should soon pass. Chart I-2No Domestic Inflationary Pressures Chart I-3European Growth Indicators Are On Fire However, this misses one key point: the source of the economic outperformance of Europe. It is true that Europe continues to create a fair amount of jobs as the unemployment rate has fallen to 9.5%, but the U.S. too is generating healthy job gains, averaging 210,000 jobs over the past nine months. Labor market dynamics are unlikely to be the source of the European economic outperformance, especially as European wages continue to underperform U.S. ones (Chart I-4). Instead, it would seem that some of the positive growth delta that has lifted European economic activity above U.S. activity comes from outside Europe. Indeed, euro area PMIs and industrial production have outperformed that of the U.S. on the back of improving monetary conditions in China. As Chart I-5 illustrates, since 2008, easing Chinese MCI has led to stronger European PMI and IP. Even more interesting is the relationship exhibited in Chart I-6. The difference in economic activity between Europe and the U.S. is even more tightly correlated with the gap between Chinese M2 and Chinese M1. When M2 underperforms M1, the growth rate of time deposits slows. This is akin to saying that the marginal propensity to save in China is slowing. This boosts European economic activity. Meanwhile, when M2 outperforms M1, Chinese time deposits accelerate relative to checking deposits, Chinese savings intentions grow, and the European economy underperforms. Chart I-4U.S. Domestic Demand##br## Is Better Supported Chart I-5Euro/U.S. Growth Differentials ##br##And Chinese Liquidity (I) Chart I-6Euro/U.S. Growth Differentials ##br##And Chinese Liquidity (II) The dynamics between Europe's relative performance vis-à-vis the Chinese MCI and vis-à-vis time deposits are congruent. It highlights that China's economy does respond to tightening monetary conditions by raising its savings, which subtracts from domestic economic activity. These increased savings tend to be deflationary (as demand falls relative to supply), and also tend to limit the growth rate of imports. This is a shock for countries exporting to China. Here lies the key link explaining why Europe is more sensitive to Chinese dynamics: Europe trades more with China and EM than the U.S. does. The euro area's growth is therefore more sensitive to EM economic conditions than the U.S., a proposition supported by the IMF's work, which shows that a 1% growth shock in EM economies affect European growth by nearly 40 basis points, versus affecting U.S. growth by around 10 basis points (Chart I-7). So what does this mean going forward? We continue to be worried by dynamics in Chinese monetary conditions, even if the timing of their repercussion on economic activity is uncertain. Chinese monetary conditions have already begun to tighten, suggesting savings should rise and that growth in the industrial sector should deteriorate. Buttressing this tightening, nominal rates in China keep rising with the 7-day interbank repo rate in a clear uptrend (Chart I-8, top panel). Chart I-7Europe Is More Sensitive To EM Chart I-8Higher Chinese Rates Have Consequences This rise in interest rates could have a material impact on Chinese credit growth. As the bottom panel of Chart I-8 illustrates, bond issuance by small and medium banks has already fallen substantially. In this cycle, this variable has been a reliable leading indicator of the Chinese credit impulse. This makes sense: much of the recent Chinese credit growth has happened in the "shadow banking system", outside of the traditional channels. Research by the Kansas City Fed has shown that securitized credit tends to be very sensitive to short-term rates, thus, this slowing in bond issuance by small Chinese lenders is very likely to genuinely affect broader credit growth.1 Moreover, the risk of a vicious circle emerging is real. At the peak of the hard lending fears in China, real rates were at 10.5%, mostly reflecting deep producer prices deflation of 6%. This meant that for many highly indebted borrowers, debt servicing was a herculean effort that cut funding available for investments and economically accretive activities. As Chart I-9 shows, tightening Chinese monetary conditions have led to slowing PPI inflation. As the current tightening in China's MCI progresses, Chinese PPI inflation is likely to weaken, putting upward pressure on real rates and further hurting monetary conditions. These dynamics are dangerous, even if a repeat of the 2015 hecatomb is unlikely. Preventing as negative an outcome as occurred in 2015 are a few key factors: some of the excess capacity in the steel and material sector has been removed; the authorities have now better control of the capital account; and while PPI has downside, it is unlikely to plunge as deeply as it did in 2015 - oil prices are now better anchored, as consequential amounts of oil supply have been cut globally. This means that deep commodity deflation like in 2015 is unlikely to repeat itself and annihilate PPI inflation in China in the process (Chart I-10). Chart I-9Chinese PPI Will Roll Over Soon Chart I-10Commodity Prices: Friend And Foe Thus, as the Chinese monetary tightening progresses without spiraling out of control, it is likely that the window of opportunity for the ECB to increase interest rates will dissipate. When this reality dawns on the markets, we would expect the bear market in the euro to resume. Additionally, the global inflation surprise index has spiked massively. Historically, a surge in positive inflation surprises tends to prompt global tightening cycles (Chart I-11). In other words, because inflation surprises have been so strong, it is likely that global liquidity conditions tighten exactly as Chinese monetary and fiscal conditions do. In addition, the fiscal thrust in other EM economies deteriorate.2 This represents a potential headwind for growth in the EM space, which could temporarily limit the upswing in global inflation. These dynamics also reinforce the risks highlighted by Arthur Budaghyan, BCA's head of EM research, that EM spreads have little downside from here and may in fact be selling off in the coming quarters. As Chart I-12 shows, this would also imply that the ECB's perceived months-to-hike metric has more upside from here than potential downside. This is a cyclical handicap for the euro. Chart I-11Global Tightening On Its Way? Chart I-12EM Spreads, ECB Month-To-Hike: Same Battle These forces may also have implications for EUR/JPY. In the long-term, the yen is likely to be the main victim of the dollar strength as the Bank of Japan is currently the G7 central bank with the strongest dovish bias. But the short-term dynamics resulting from the tightening in Chinese monetary conditions could nonetheless prompt a fall in EUR/JPY over the next six months. To begin with, since 2014, the spread between German and Japanese inflation expectations has been linked to Chinese monetary conditions (Chart I-13). German 5-year / 5-year forward inflation expectations are already melting. An underperformance relative to Japan would suggest that the perception by investors of the increasing proximity of an ECB rate hike is likely to be disappointed. Chart I-13China Tightens, Germany Feels It More Moreover, the yen continues to display stronger "funding currency" attributes than the euro. Japan has a positive net international investment position of 170% of GDP versus -8% for the euro area. This suggests that the potential for repatriations when global market turbulence emerges is greater in Japan than in the euro area. Additionally, the market currently expects the ECB to begin hiking one year before the Bank of Japan. This would also mean that there is more room in the European fixed-income markets to further push away the first rate hike than there is in Japanese markets in the event of an EM deflationary shock. Does the reasoning described above have any implications for the dollar? On a 12-to-18-months basis, these dynamics support being more bullish the USD than the euro. The U.S. economy is less exposed to EM growth than that of Europe. This implies that on over such a horizon, the Fed will be less constrained than the ECB by EM economies, especially as the domestic side of the ledger is more promising in the U.S. Additionally, our Geopolitical Strategy team continues to argues that tax cuts are far from dead in the U.S., and that some significant fiscal stimulus will emerge over the course of the next 12 months in the U.S. In Europe, while no fiscal drag is tabulated, the potential for a similarly-sized fiscal boost is more limited. These same dynamics are also unambiguously bearish commodity and EM currencies versus the USD as commodity currencies are a direct play on EM activity (Chart I-14). The Australian dollar is the most poorly placed currency in the G10. It is 11% overvalued on our productivity-adjusted metrics and investors are now very long the AUD. Most crucially, Australian's terms of trade are especially vulnerable to a slowdown in the Chinese sectors most exposed to the tightening in Chinese monetary conditions (Chart I-15). These risks are further compounded by the fact that China has accumulated large inventories of some of the natural resources most important for the Australian terms of trade. Chart I-14Problems In EM Equals Problems ##br##For Commodity Currencies Chart I-15AUD Is Most Exposed To ##br##The Chinese Tightening Tactically, the picture is more nuanced. Since 2015, the euro has benefited from some risk-off attributes, managing to rise against the USD when market sell-offs are at their most acute point. Again, while EUR does not display these "funding currency" attributes as strongly as the yen, it nonetheless does more so than the USD. Also, April is traditionally a month of seasonal weakness for the greenback. A homegrown shock could also give the euro a further fillip: the French election. Le Pen's probability of winning is low but not 0%. In a report co-published nine weeks ago, we and our Geopolitical Strategy team argued that a Le Pen victory was very unlikely.3 Hence, we expect that her bookies' odds of winning, which stands between 20% and 30%, will dissipate to 0% after the second round of the election, supporting the euro independently of relative monetary dynamics. Practically, in the short run, the euro could remain well bid until this summer. We prefer to express our positive tactical stance on the euro against the AUD instead of the USD. We are also more tactically positive on the yen than any other currency and thus hold short USD/JPY and short NZD/JPY positions. Cyclically, we are looking for either a market correction to unfold or a clear upswing in U.S. wages before moving outright short EUR and JPY against the USD. Our tactical and cyclical views on commodity currencies are lined up: we are shorting them. Bottom Line: The source of the delta in European growth seems to be emanating out of EM and China in particular. This means that if one wants to bet on the ECB being able to increase rates sooner than what is currently priced in - a key precondition to bet on a cyclical rebound in the euro - one needs to remain bullish EM. Currently, our Emerging Markets Strategy sister publication remains negative on the medium-term outlook for EM, this represents a big problem for cyclical euro bulls. Mathieu Savary, Vice President Foreign Exchange Strategy mathieu@bcaresearch.com 1 Please see Tobias Adrian and Hyun Shong Shin, "Financial Intermediaries, Financial Stability and Monetary Policy," Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Staff Report No. 346, September 2008. 2 Please see Foreign Exchange Strategy Weekly Report, "Et Tu, Janet?" dated March 3, 2017, available at fes.bcaresearch.com 3 Please see Foreign Exchange Strategy and Geopolitical Strategy Special Report, "The French Revolution," dated February 3, 2017, available at fes.bcaresearch.com and gps.bcaresearch.com Currencies U.S. Dollar Chart II-1USD Technicals 1 Chart II-2USD Technicals 2 The March FOMC minutes reveal that members discussed the possibility of a normalization of the bank's balance sheet in the near future, through phasing out or ceasing reinvestments of both Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities. This is quite a hawkish comment, as the Fed acknowledges a strengthening economy: ADP employment change recorded a 263,000 new jobs, above the 187,000 consensus; Initial jobless claims decreased to 234,000; ISM Manufacturing PMI came in at 57.2; ISM Prices Paid was at 70.5. Despite this data, some members also stated that stock prices were "quite high", which prompted weakness in the S&P, Treasury yields, and the dollar, as markets revised their growth outlook. Although this is most likely a misinterpretation, as the data quite accurately depicts the economy's fundamentals, the dollar will likely display a neutral bias this month due to seasonality effects. Report Links: U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat - March 31, 2017 Healthcare Or Not, Risks Remain - March 24, 2017 USD, Oil Divergences Will Continue As Storage Draws - March 17, 2017 The Euro Chart II-3EUR Technicals 1 Chart II-4EUR Technicals 2 The euro is likely to see some temporary strength on the back of improving economic conditions: Producer prices picked up to 4.5%, beating the 4.4% consensus; Retail sales remain strong at 1.8%; German manufacturing PMI remained unchanged at 58.3, while composite increased to 57.1. Nevertheless, PMIs were weak for many of the smaller, peripheral economies, which will cause downside for the euro in the longer-term. Adding confirmation to Praet's comments last week, Vitas Vasiliauskas, governor of Bank of Lithuania, stated that "the recovery of inflation is still fragile" and that they will first "have to end purchases and only then we can discuss other actions", further corroborating a weaker euro in the longer-term. In other news, the CNB seems to be softening its peg with the EUR as the bank progressively reverts to conducting an independent monetary policy. EUR/CZK depreciated more than 1.5%. Report Links: Healthcare Or Not, Risks Remain - March 24, 2017 Et Tu, Janet? - March 3, 2017 Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 The Yen Chart II-5JPY Technicals 1 Chart II-6JPY Technicals 2 Recent Japanese data has been mixed: The unemployment rate outperformed expectations, falling down to 2.8%. However, household spending contracted further, falling by 3.8%, underperforming expectations. Furthermore, the Nikkei manufacturing PMI, also underperformed expectations, falling to 52.4 This deterioration in Japanese economic data is most likely a byproduct of the appreciation that the yen this year. Indeed, inflationary pressures and economic activity in Japan have been closely linked to the yen. This relationship will embolden the BoJ to keep its aggressive monetary stance in place, as the rate-setting committee understands that a weakening yen is a key lever to kick star Japan's tepid economy. Thus, while we are bullish on the yen on a 3-month horizon, we remain yen bears on a cyclical basis. Report Links: U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat - March 31, 2017 Et Tu, Janet? - March 3, 2017 JPY: Climbing To The Springboard Before The Dive - February 24, 2017 British Pound Chart II-7GBP Technicals 1 Chart II-8GBP Technicals 2 Data in the U.K. has been disappointing as of late: GDP grew at 1.9% in Q4, against expectations of 2% growth. Construction and manufacturing PMI also underperformed, coming in at 52.2 and 54.2 respectively. Both measures also decreased from the previous month. Amid disappointing data, one bright spot for the pound was the massive reduction in their current account deficit. At 12 Billion pounds, the British current account deficit now stands at the lowest level since 2013. This is positive for the U.K. economy, as it provides a buffer against any slowdown in financial inflows that could materialize from the separation with the European Union. Thus, we continue to be bullish on the pound, particularly against the euro, as we believe that Brexit-related fears are overstated. Report Links: Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Outlook: 2017's Greatest Hits -December 16, 2016 The Pound Falls To The Conquering Dollar - October 14, 2016 Australian Dollar Chart II-9AUD Technicals 1 Chart II-10AUD Technicals 2 The latest dwelling figures indicate the fastest increase since May 2010, with Sydney and Melbourne witnessing 19% and 17% increases, respectively. They are up 8.3% nationally. What really highlights risks for Australia is that interest-only loans account for 40% of the country's housing finance, which prompted the APRA to put forward a limitation to interest-only lending to 30% of new mortgages, as a part of numerous other restrictive macro-prudential measures put in place to curb euphoria. Low rates, while sustaining robust housing activity in the past years, have been a primary factor in this exuberance. Worryingly, these low rates have not been enough to support wages, leading to increasing debt-to-income ratios. The RBA will find it hard to lift rates in the face of high household debt and the large share of interest-only loans, limiting the AUD's upside. Report Links: U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat - March 31, 2017 AUD And CAD: Risky Business - March 10, 2017 Et Tu, Janet? - March 3, 2017 New Zealand Dollar Chart II-11NZD Technicals 1 Chart II-12NZD Technicals 2 Although the NZD has been slightly weak this week against the U.S. dollar, it has appreciated against the Aussie. This might have something to do with the recent uptick in dairy prices, stopping a correction in prices that started in late 2016. Furthermore, the weakness in this cross seems to be sending an ominous signal, as AUD/NZD tends to lead relative activity dynamics between the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors in China. There is a reason behind this relationship, as the staple commodities of Australia and New Zealand (iron and dairy prices) cater to the industrial sector and the consumer sector, respectively. We believe that the outperformance by the Chinese industrial sector might be on its last legs, thus AUD/NZD is an attractive short. Report Links: U.S. Households Remain In The Driver's Seat - March 31, 2017 Et Tu, Janet? - March 3, 2017 Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Canadian Dollar Chart II-13CAD Technicals 1 Chart II-14CAD Technicals 2 As highlighted numerously, the Canadian economy is haunted by the same underlying risk as the Australian economy. With the average price for a detached home in Toronto now at CAD 1.2 million, risks are coming into sharper focus. News media now highlights that the housing market is in a shortage, with multiple buyers in competition to purchase a single home, with buyers even skipping home inspections. In better news, the RBC Manufacturing PMI read at 55.5 in March, more than a 3-year high, with its output, new orders and employment components also at multi-year highs. Furthermore, the Business Outlook Survey highlights business intentions to expand and hire continue to be buoyant, which should augur well for the economy in the near future. Report Links: AUD And CAD: Risky Business - March 10, 2017 Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Outlook: 2017's Greatest Hits - December 16, 2016 Swiss Franc Chart II-15CHF Technicals 1 Chart II-16CHF Technicals 2 EUR/CHF has rebounded after coming close to hitting the SNB implied floor of 1.065 on Tuesday. It seems that this strategy is paying off for the SNB, as recent data shows an improving Swiss economy: Real retail sales outperformed expectations, as they exited contractionary territory. They are now growing at 0.6%. SVME PMI also outperformed, coming in at 58.6. This measure now stands at its highest level since 2011. Moreover Swiss headline inflation month-on-month grow came in above expectations at 0.6%, while the annual inflation rate came in at 0.2%. This batch of strong data will certainly reassure the SNB that its intervention in the currency market is helping kick start the Swiss economy. However, for the time being the peg will remain as the economy is not yet strong enough to handle a change in this policy. Report Links: Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Outlook: 2017's Greatest Hits -December 16, 2016 Long-Term FX Valuation Models: Updates And New Coverages - September 30, 2016 Norwegian Krone Chart II-17NOK Technicals 1 Chart II-18NOK Technicals 2 USD/NOK appreciated by almost 1.5%, even on the face of a nearly 5% rally in oil. This is not an isolated case: since the beginning of the year USD/NOK has become much less sensitive to oil and more sensitive to the changes in the dollar. The poor state of the Norwegian economy explains this phenomenon as core and headline inflation continue to plummet and the credit impulse still stands in negative territory. One could point to unemployment as a bright spot, as it now stands at 2.9%. However this reduction in unemployment is accompanied by a contraction in employment, which suggests that people are just leaving the labor market. These factors will continue to solidify the Norges Bank's dovish bias, causing NOK to underperform terms-of-trade dynamics. Report Links: Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Outlook: 2017's Greatest Hits -December 16, 2016 The Pound Falls To The Conquering Dollar - October 14, 2016 Swedish Krona Chart II-19SEK Technicals 1 Chart II-20SEK Technicals 2 As momentum retreats from oversold levels, the krona is displaying some strength on the back of buoyant economic data: Manufacturing PMI hit 65.2 for March; Industrial production in February increased at a 4.1% annual pace; New orders were up 12% in February. This data augurs well for Sweden's export sector, the economy's most key area. The Riksbank's Business Survey highlights these developments, with their proprietary economic activity indicators pointing to good growth. An interesting development in pricing pressures is that negotiated prices are no longer being reduced as often as before, which is "regarded as an incipient sign of demand, which in turn creates expectations of future price rises". The effects of rising commodity prices and a weaker krona are also now kicking in. Report Links: Updating Our Long-Term FX Value Models - February 17, 2017 Outlook: 2017's Greatest Hits - December 16, 2016 One Trade To Rule Them All - November 18, 2016 Trades & Forecasts Forecast Summary Core Portfolio Tactical Trades Closed Trades
Highlights Portfolio Strategy A window has opened up for utilities outperformance. Upgrade to overweight on a short-term (1-3 month) view. Leading indicators of beverage sales have improved, heralding an upgrading in depressed expectations. Stay overweight. The pullback in consumer finance stocks appears to be contagion from the overall financial sector selloff than a reflection of deteriorating industry-specific fundamentals. Buy on weakness. Recent Changes S&P Utilities - Boost to overweight from neutral on a tactical basis. Table 1 Feature Our view remains that stocks are in a consolidation phase, waiting for economic/profit confirmation that earnings will grow into the latest valuation expansion. Thin equity market risk premia can be justified if the economy has embarked on an extended and strong non-inflationary growth path that will spawn robust corporate profitability. Chart 1A Second Half Squeeze? On this note, the third mini-economic up-cycle since the Great Recession has been underway since last year. The first two bursts of economic strength fizzled quickly, eventually requiring a new dose of stimulus to reinvigorate growth. The current up-cycle may have more legs given that the rest of the world is now participating and the U.S. economy at full employment, but it would be dangerous to become complacent. The stock-to-bond ratio has crested on a growth rate basis, and its mean reversion properties suggest that key macro gauges such as the ISM index may cool as the year progresses (Chart 1). Odds of growth-propelling fiscal stimulus, that equities have already bought and paid for, may now fade following Congress' failure to move on health care reform. Total bank credit growth is decelerating on a broad basis. Chart 1 shows that of the 8 major bank loan categories, only 1 has a positive credit impulse (the annual change in the 52-week rate of change), the other 7 are negative, i.e. it isn't simply C&I loan weakness driving the credit deceleration. Traditionally, credit and economic growth move together, so the current gap warrants close attention. Meanwhile, the reflationary impulse over the past 18 months from China is set to fade as the authorities tap the brakes, particularly in the housing market, which may throw a wrench into new construction. Chinese property prices have been especially correlated with global economic up-cycles. Real estate inflation downturns have been important global economic signals (Chart 1). Consequently, the second half of the year may 'feel' slower from a growth perspective and challenge the reflation hypothesis. Some trepidation about the durability/breadth of the economic expansion is becoming evident in internal market behavior. Our Intermediate Equity Indicator (IEI) has continued to weaken as breadth and participation thin (Chart 2). If the IEI drops below zero, the odds of a meaningful pullback will rise substantially. Keep in mind there is a lot of air between the S&P 500 index and its 40-week moving average. The number of S&P 500 groups with a positive 52-week rate of change has pulled back to post-Great Recession lows (Chart 2). Last week we showed a composite of relative industry and sector performance that also heralded a choppy period ahead for the broad averages. All of these factors suggest that a tactical consolidation needs time to play out, especially with first quarter reporting season fast approaching and optimism in the outlook bursting at the seams. While trading sentiment is not overly stretched, the truest measure of sentiment is asset valuations and expectations. On this front, our Global Economic Sentiment Index, which contrasts equity and government bond valuations in the major economies, has reached the 'extreme optimism' zone (Chart 3, middle panel). Such a reading does not automatically foretell of an imminent major equity peak, but reinforces that there is little margin for disappointment. Chart 2Deteriorating Internals Chart 3Early Signs Of Overconfidence? In addition, the trend in analyst earnings expectations is also consistent with an overriding theme of exuberance. Cyclical earnings estimates have tentatively peaked after a steep upgrade over the last few quarters, and are now sitting below 5-year growth expectations, suggesting overwhelming confidence in the longevity of the expansion. The last three times that cyclical (12-month) profit growth estimates diverged negatively from lofty long-term estimates was in 2000, 2007 and 2015 (Chart 3). Each episode coincided with ebullient global economic sentiment, and heralded market turbulence, with varying lags. The point is that when financial conditions tighten enough to undermine the cyclical growth outlook but fail to dent conviction in the long-term outlook, it is a signal of overconfidence. The good news is that financial conditions have remained historically easy and should only tighten gradually, such that the risk of a policy-induced slowdown is not acute. In sum, we expect the tactical consolidation phase to persist, especially if economic momentum cools. Exuberant expectations argue for a digestion phase, which should continue to broadly support defensive over cyclical sector positioning, a stance that has paid off nicely since late last year. We may look to selectively increase cyclical and financial sector exposure in the coming weeks if the U.S. dollar remains tame and inflation expectations perk back up, but for now, we are making a tactical addition to the defensive side of the ledger. Utilities Are Powering Up We booked sizable gains in the S&P utilities index and downgraded to neutral last summer, because of our view that bond yields were bottoming on the back of economic stabilization. Since then, relative performance collapsed by 20%, but it has recently started showing some signs of life. Is it time to re-enter this overweight position on a tactical basis? The short answer is yes. There are five reasons to buy utilities at the current juncture with a tactical (1-3 month) time horizon. A possible cooling in economic momentum will redirect capital into the sector. Last week we highlighted that the economically-sensitive transportation index may be heralding mean reversion in key activity gauges, such as the ISM manufacturing index (Chart 4). If the run of positive economic surprises reverses, utilities stocks should receive a sizeable relative performance boost. Transport stock underperformance typically means utility stock outperformance (Chart 4, bottom panel). A cycle-on-cycle analysis of relative utilities performance and the ISM manufacturing survey reveals that is pays to overweight utilities when the latter hits the current level. This has occurred seven times since the early 1990s, and the S&P utilities sector outperformed in the subsequent 3 and 6 months by an average of 3 and 5%, respectively. Only one period generated negative returns (Table 2). Chart 4Utilities Win When Transports Lose Table 2Contrary Alert: Buy Utilities Market-based inflation expectations have crested, aided by the dip in oil prices. Relative share prices have been inversely correlated with inflation expectations, owing to the link to long-dated Treasury yields. Importantly, the University of Michigan's survey inflation expectations, both short and long term, have been drifting lower signaling that the recent backup in CPI headline inflation will likely prove transitory (inflation expectations shown inverted, Chart 5). The flattening yield curve is also sending a tactical buy signal for utilities stocks (shown inverted, Chart 5). Natural gas prices are strengthening. Nat gas prices are the marginal price setter for non-regulated utilities, and the recent price spike has boosted utilities pricing power. Sell-side analysts have taken notice, aggressively ratcheting EPS numbers higher. Nevertheless, the relative EPS growth bar still remains low, signaling that a relative profit outperformance period looms (Chart 6). Chart 5External Support As... Chart 6... Earnings Recover One risk to our tactically bullish utilities view is stagnant electricity generation growth. However, if overall output growth recedes in the next quarter or two, then the non-cyclical power demand profile will shine through, offsetting low utility utilization rates in absolute terms. Bottom Line: There is scope for a playable relative performance rally in the coming one-to-three months. Boost the niche S&P utilities sector to overweight. Soft Drinks Are About To Pop Indiscriminate selling of all consumer staples immediately after the Trump victory restored value in a number of defensive consumer groups. They have stealthily outperformed for most of this year. Chart 7 shows a number of valuation yardsticks. Soft drink stocks are yielding more than both 10-year Treasurys and the broad market. Similarly, the relative P/S and P/E ratios have dipped comfortably below their respective historical means. From a technical standpoint, relative share price momentum has been pushed to a bearish extreme (Chart 7). Against this valuation and technical backdrop, any whiff of operating traction should trigger a playable outperformance phase. Industry pricing power has rebounded smartly, exiting the deflation zone (Chart 8). This firming in selling prices appears to be demand driven. Growth in relative consumer outlays on food and non-alcoholic beverages has improved. Actual industry sales growth has returned to positive territory and beverage output growth is outpacing other non-durable goods industries (Chart 8). While export trends have been a sore spot for beverage companies, the tide should soon turn. The greenback has depreciated versus emerging market (EM) currencies since mid-December, permitting EM central banks to ease monetary policy. That heralds a recovery in consumer goods exports and a reversal of negative translation FX effects (Chart 9, middle panel). Chart 7Cheap And Washed Out Chart 8Inflection Point Chart 9Export Drag Should Reverse The improvement in top-line leading indicators is particularly noteworthy given that cost inflation remains muted. Food input prices are contracting and ethylene prices, a primary packaging ingredient, are also deflating. With headcount under control (Chart 9, bottom panel), there is scope for margin expansion at a time when overall profit margins face a steady squeeze from rising wage inflation. This brightening backdrop, especially in relative terms, has not yet been embraced by the analyst community. Not only are earnings slated to trail the broad market by 7% in the coming year, but 5-year relative EPS growth has plummeted to all-time lows. Such pessimism is unwarranted. All of this implies that while recent beverage shipment growth has been soft, a recovery is likely as the year progresses. That will set the stage for a series of positive surprises, supporting share price outperformance. Bottom Line: The compellingly valued S&P soft drinks index has troughed and has a very attractive reward/risk profile. Were we not already overweight, we would lift exposure to above benchmark today. The ticker symbols for the stocks in the S&P soft drinks index are: BLBG: S5SOFD-KO, PEP, MNST, DPS. Consumer Finance: Cast Aside, But For No Good Reason Like all financials, consumer finance stocks have underperformed the broad market in recent weeks. High intra-financial sector correlations are understandable early in a corrective phase, especially given the magnitude of the initial post-election rally. However, as time passes, correlations should recede because significant discrepancies exist among industry profit drivers. For instance, any meaningful broad market correction could undermine capital markets activity via reduced appetite for new equity issues, less M&A activity and smaller trading fees, taking a bite out of investment banking profits. Elsewhere, banks have been riding hopes for higher net interest margins and an easing regulatory burden. However, without any corresponding improvement in credit growth they are now giving back those gains because bond yields have stalled, the yield curve has narrowed and expectations for deregulation are being watered down to a dilution of terms These factors justify the pullback in both banks and capital markets stocks, even if temporary. On the flipside, the consumer finance group has also been dragged down, even though leading indicators of profitability have continued to improve. As shown in past research, the credit card interest rate spread has low sensitivity to shifts in the yield curve. As such, receivables growth matters more to profits than the slope of the yield curve. Whether consumers embark on debt-financed consumption is heavily dependent on job security, debt-servicing costs, and household wealth. When consumer comfort rises, the personal savings rate tends to decline, indicating a greater propensity to spend. Household net worth has set a new all time high on the back of buoyant financial markets and recovery in house prices (Chart 10). Debt service payments remain historically depressed as a share of disposable income, underscoring that the means to re-leverage exist (Chart 10). Typically credit card charge-offs stay muted until well after debt servicing requirements hit a much higher level, either through reduced incomes or higher interest rates, or a combination of the two. At the moment, both are working in favor of credit quality, not against it. In fact, house prices have reaccelerated sharply in the past few months, which heralds share price outperformance (Chart 11, top panel). Moreover, the steady increase in housing starts bodes well for additional gains in outlays on durable goods, a positive omen for consumer credit demand. Chart 10Credit Quality Remains Strong Chart 11Bullish Leading Indicators The latter is already growing at a solid clip, in contrast with other lending categories such as C&I loan growth (Chart 11), which is weak and dragging down total bank credit. The surge in consumer income expectations points to an expanded appetite for debt (Chart 11). Consequently, the sell-off in the S&P consumer finance index should be treated as indiscriminate contagion from the rest of the financials sector rather than a reflection of deteriorating fundamentals. Recent value creation represents a buying opportunity. Bottom Line: Stick with a high-conviction overweight in the S&P consumer finance index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in the S&P consumer index are: BLBG: S5CFINX-AXP, COF, DFS, SYF, NAVI. Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Favor small over large caps and stay neutral growth over value.