Equities

Highlights New recommendation: Go neutral growth versus value on a 6-12-month horizon… …and exploit the greater opportunities within the growth universe and within the value universe. Within the growth universe, overweight healthcare versus technology. New recommendation: Within the value universe, overweight utilities versus banks. Downgrade tech-heavy Netherlands from overweight to neutral. Upgrade utilities-heavy Portugal from neutral to overweight. Fractal trade: Overweight Portugal versus Italy. Feature Chart of the WeekBank Profits In Structural Decline Last week, Fed Chair, Jay Powell explained: “We’re not going back to the same economy. We’re going back to a different economy.” What will the different economy look like? We will only really know when the pandemic ends and short-term palliatives like government-funded job furlough schemes and rent and debt payment moratoriums are removed. Only then will we get the true price discovery to know which activities, jobs, and debts are viable and which are not. At the very least, the now widespread acceptance of remote working, remote shopping, and remote business meetings means that city centres, bricks and mortar retailers, and business aviation will become pale shadows of their former selves. This is worrying because the retail sector, on its own, employs 10 percent of all workers. Furthermore, economic shocks give impetus to structural changes that were already underway. Case in point, the UK government has just announced a ban on petrol and diesel cars from 2030. The lockdowns gave the British people the taste of clean air, and the British people liked it, so the government accelerated its initiative to abolish fossil fuels. To paraphrase Ernest Hemingway, there are two ways that sectors go bankrupt: gradually, then suddenly. A Textbook Market Slump… But Will We Get A Textbook Recovery? During an economic slump and the subsequent recovery, three fundamental drivers shape the evolution of stock prices. The first two drivers are well understood by any student of Financial Markets 101, but the third driver is not so well understood. More on that later. The first well understood driver of stock prices is the outlook for near-term profits. During a slump, the profits of ‘defensive’ sectors that are insensitive to fluctuations in the economy, outperform those of ‘cyclical’ sectors that are sensitive to the economy. For example, during this year’s slump, the profits of defensive healthcare remained remarkably resilient, whereas the profits of cyclical banks collapsed by 30 percent (Chart I-2). During the recovery, this should reverse, says the textbook. Cyclical profits should outperform defensive profits. Chart I-2Defensive Profits Outperformed In The Slump, But What About The Recovery? The second well understood driver of stock prices is the discount rate applied to long-term profits. The present value of long-term profits is highly sensitive to the (inverted) bond yield. As discussed last week, this sensitivity becomes hyper-sensitivity at ultra-low bond yields. When the bond yield collapses to an ultra-low level, the present value of long-term profits surges. This favours ‘growth’ sectors like technology, whose profits are weighted to the distant future, versus ‘value’ sectors like utilities, whose profits are weighted closer to the here and now. ‘Cyclical value’ stocks should outperform when the economy recovers, but markets do not always follow the textbook. During this year’s slump, the near-term profits of technology and utilities performed similarly (Chart I-3). But when the bond yield collapsed and boosted the value of long-term profits, the multiple paid for near-term profits surged by 20 percent for technology, while remaining unmoved for utilities (Chart I-4). When the bond yield rises, this relative move should reverse, says the textbook. Value sector multiples should outperform growth sector multiples. Chart I-3Tech And Utilities Profits Performed Similarly... Chart I-4But 'Growth' Tech Got A Bigger Valuation Boost Than 'Value' Utilities So far, so good. The student of Financial Markets 101 will tell you that ‘defensive growth’ stocks outperform when the economy slumps, and bond yields collapse. Whereas ‘cyclical value’ stocks should outperform when the economy recovers, and bond yields rise. Yet as we all know, the real world is not that simple. Financial markets do not always follow the textbook. Major Economic Shocks Can Destroy Industries One real-world complication to the textbook recovery is that the bond yield might not be able to rise meaningfully before causing a relapse in the economy. This could be because of a high structural level of debt, a high structural level of unemployment, or a high structural level of risk-asset valuations. Any one of these three structural fragilities would make the economy incapable of tolerating a higher bond yield. Yet today the worry is not one fragility, it is all three of the above! Still, even if the bond yield cannot rise meaningfully, it might not fall much either, making the choice between value and growth unclear. The other real-world complication to the textbook is that major economic shocks cause structural breaks from the past. The point that Jay Powell made last week, and which forms the title of this report. Major economic shocks cause structural breaks from the past. This brings us to the third – less well-understood – driver of stock prices during and after a slump: the structural change in the sector’s long-term profit outlook. For some sectors, the long-term profit outlook phase-shifts down. Meaning that even if the bond yield does not keep falling, value sectors could continue to underperform as the collapse in their long-term profits gets recognised. For example, after oil and gas profits reached an all-time high in 2008, each slump has been followed by a progressively lower subsequent peak (Chart I-5). European banks look even worse. In the recovery following each slump since 2008, profits have regained only a third of the preceding slump’s losses. This implies that after each slump, the long-term profit outlook for the banks is phase-shifting down (Chart of the Week). Chart I-5Oil And Gas Profits In Structural Decline Hence, European banks have failed to generate sustained outperformance in any recovery, even though the textbook says that as ‘cyclical value’ stocks, they should. Only a brave person would bet that it will be any different this time (Chart I-6). Chart I-6European Banks Have Failed To Generate Sustained Outperformance In Any Recovery The Big Opportunities Are Within The Growth And Value Universes After a major economic shock, a structural change in a sector’s long-term profit outlook renders any backward-looking valuation framework obsolete. In such cases we cannot use mean-reversion to inform our investment strategy, because the past will be a poor guide to the future. As European banks have taught us for fifteen years, it is extremely dangerous to follow the textbook recovery play of value versus growth on any sustained basis. It is extremely dangerous to follow the textbook recovery play of value versus growth on any sustained basis. Right now, there is a much smarter investment strategy. Go neutral growth versus value, and exploit the bigger opportunities within the growth universe and within the value universe where mean-reversion strategies are more justified. Specifically, within the growth universe, the valuation premium on technology versus healthcare is at its highest level since 2009 (Chart I-7). Even more extreme, the US technology versus US healthcare valuation premium is approaching the peak of the dot com bubble (Chart I-8). Hence, we reiterate last week’s recommendation. Chart I-7The Valuation Premium On Tech Versus Healthcare Is High... Chart I-8...And In The US, Approaching The Dot Com Bubble Peak Go overweight healthcare versus technology. The regional and country allocation implications are to go overweight healthcare-heavy Europe versus technology-heavy Emerging Markets. And within Europe, to go overweight healthcare-heavy Denmark and Switzerland versus technology-heavy Netherlands. The upshot is that today we are downgrading Netherlands from overweight to neutral. Turning to the value universe, the performance of cyclical banks versus defensive utilities just tracks the bond yield (Chart I-9). This means that the recent snapback rally in banks versus utilities needs higher bond yields for support. Absent a sustained rise in bond yields, the rally is fragile and vulnerable to reversal. Chart I-9Banks Vs. Utilities = The Bond Yield Yet as we explained last week, the 10-year T-bond yield can rise by only 30 basis points or so before undermining the broad stock market. On this basis, we are making a new recommendation. Go overweight utilities versus banks. Within Europe, the implication is to go overweight utility-heavy Portugal versus bank-heavy Spain and Italy (Chart I-10). Chart I-10Portugal Vs. Italy = Utilities Vs. Banks The upshot is that today we are upgrading Portugal from neutral to overweight. Fractal Trading System* Fractal analysis confirms that Portugal’s underperformance is approaching a potential reversal point if bond yields do not rise meaningfully. Accordingly, this week’s recommended trade is overweight Portugal versus Italy. Set the profit target and symmetrical stop-loss at 6.6 percent. In other trades, long coffee versus corn achieved its 12 percent profit target. The rolling 12-month win ratio now stands at 53 percent. Chart I-11MSCI: Portugal Vs. Italy   When the fractal dimension approaches the lower limit after an investment has been in an established trend it is a potential trigger for a liquidity-triggered trend reversal. Therefore, open a countertrend position. The profit target is a one-third reversal of the preceding 13-week move. Apply a symmetrical stop-loss. Close the position at the profit target or stop-loss. Otherwise close the position after 13 weeks. * For more details please see the European Investment Strategy Special Report “Fractals, Liquidity & A Trading Model,” dated   December 11, 2014, available at eis.bcaresearch.com.   Dhaval Joshi Chief European Investment Strategist dhaval@bcaresearch.com Fractal Trading System   Cyclical Recommendations Structural Recommendations Closed Fractal Trades Trades Closed Trades Asset Performance Currency & Bond Equity Sector Country Equity Indicators Bond Yields Chart II-1Indicators To Watch - Bond Yields Chart II-2Indicators To Watch - Bond Yields Chart II-3Indicators To Watch - Bond Yields Chart II-4Indicators To Watch - Bond Yields   Interest Rate Chart II-5Indicators To Watch - Interest Rate Expectations Chart II-6Indicators To Watch - Interest Rate Expectations Chart II-7Indicators To Watch - Interest Rate Expectations Chart II-8Indicators To Watch - Interest Rate Expectations  

Our macro view assumes a lower US dollar in the New Year. Our sister BCA Foreign Exchange service published a Strategy Report last week exploring a possible 1.50 print on EUR/USD. The bottom panel of the chart shows that China is firing on all cylinders and is pulling all the levers in reflating global growth. Keep in mind that increasing global trade is synonymous with a declining USD. As the supply/circulation of US dollars increases with rising global exports, a virtuous cycle takes root where a lower USD begets increasing trade in a positive feedback loop. This sparked a thought experiment on our end: what are the US equity sectors implications of EUR/USD at 1.50? First, deep cyclical and high operating leverage sectors will accelerate their outperformance phase as they are responsible for the lion’s share of SPX foreign sourced revenues. In contrast and in a relative sense, landlocked domestic sectors with little if any international sales will underperform in a steeply declining USD backdrop. Taken together our cyclicals over defensives portfolio bent will catch on fire (middle panel). Bottom Line: Rising prospects of a virtuous cycle where the revival in global trade pushes the US dollar lower and ignites a positive feedback loop will further boost deep cyclical sectors at the expense of defensives. ​​​​​​​

Dear Client, As is custom every year, next Monday November 30 instead of our regular Strategy Report you will receive BCA’s flagship publication “The Bank Credit Analyst” detailing the house views and themes for next year. Our regular publishing schedule resumes on December 7 with our 2021 High-Conviction Calls Strategy Report. On December 14 we will host a Webcast to discuss our calls in more detail and answer questions. Happy Thanksgiving. Kind Regards, Anastasios Highlights Portfolio Strategy A firming demand backdrop for lodging services courtesy of the positive vaccine news, enticing industry operating metrics along with compelling valuations encourage us to take a punt on the niche S&P hotels, resorts & cruise line index. In marked contrast, we recommend investors avoid the high-flying S&P homebuilding index. Home-related survey data paint a rosy picture for homebuilding demand in the coming months underpinned by low mortgage rates and low housing supply. Nevertheless, most of the good news is baked in resurgent homebuilder stock prices and the prospects of rising interest rates, a looming profit margin squeeze and extremely high earnings expectations warn that the time is ripe to shed S&P homebuilding exposure.  Recent Changes Upgrade the S&P hotels, resorts & cruise lines index to overweight, today. Downgrade the S&P homebuilding index to underweight, today. Feature Similar to two Mondays ago, the SPX opened weekly trading with gusto courtesy of MRNA’s 94% efficacy vaccine news, but failed to breach previous all-time highs. The market has rallied roughly 10% this month, and while we remain cyclically and structurally bullish, a short-term consolidation period is likely in the cards. Extremely easy financial conditions along with a near halving in implied volatility – which have been key rally drivers since the March lows as we pointed out numerous times in our research – are nearly perfectly priced in the SPX. The implication is that were a meaningful rally to resume, further easing is required which is a tall order (top panel, Chart 1). Another factor underpinning the market’s recent advance is the drop in the CBOE’s implied correlation index (pair wise correlation of S&P500 constituents, shown inverted, bottom panel, Chart 1). However, correlations have collapsed and are near levels that have marked prior temporary peaks in the SPX. Beyond near-term jitters, output is poised to recover smartly next year and most importantly so are SPX EPS. In a recent Special Report we lifted our EPS target to $168 for calendar 2021 and introduced an end-2021 SPX target of 4,000. The GS Current Activity Indicator corroborates our macro four-factor profit growth estimate and heralds a slingshot EPS recovery next year (Chart 2). Chart 1Good News Is Priced In Chart 2One More V-Shape Is Coming Turning over to capital spending, the latest GDP report was revealing. On the surface private sector capex made a splash with non-residential investment contributing 2.88% to real GDP growth, the highest since Q4/1983 when the economy was recovering from that severe double-dip recession. In absolute terms, the Q/Q annualized growth clocked in at over 20%, a growth rate last seen in the late-1990s (Chart 3). Drilling deeper into capex is instructive. Technology investment was on fire. Surprisingly, software took the back seat and investment in tech goods roared. In other words, this data confirms that businesses and consumers alike prepared to work from home and bought up tech gadgets en masse, and stole demand from the future (Chart 3). Looking ahead we expect a reversal of this trend with software retaking the reigns and the rest of the tech sector fading. As a reminder, while base effects really augmented this capex rebound, recovering animal spirits signal that a capex upcycle is in the offing. We have shown in the past that as profits grow, CEOs become more confident in the longevity of the cycle and choose to deploy long-term oriented capital, albeit with a one-year lag. Eventually, this creates a virtuous upcycle where rising profits lead to rising capital outlays that further boost sales and profits and sustain the positive feedback loop (Chart 4). Chart 3Exploring Investment Data Chart 4Lagging Capex Will Also Recover This week we make two sub-surface consumer discretionary sector changes further adding exposure to our back-to-work reopening laggards and shedding exposure to work-from-home winners. Open For Business While admittedly we were early in locking in gains in the S&P hotels, resorts & cruises index last spring by lifting exposure to neutral from underweight, today we are compelled to augment this niche leisure index to an overweight stance. Relative share prices have bounced at a level last seen during the GFC and not far off the level hit post the 9/11 accelerated recession that dealt a big blow to everything travel related (top panel, Chart 5). The recent positive vaccine news is a key reason we are warming up to this consumer discretionary sub group. While neither lodging nor cruise line vacationing will return to their previous peaks any time soon, both industries will survive and thus should no longer be priced for bankruptcy. Industry pricing power has plunged, but it is trying to trough at an extremely depressed level (middle panel, Chart 5). As a result, profit margins have gone haywire (bottom panel, Chart 5), but again most of the negative news is likely priced into this negative profits backdrop. Chart 5Fell Off A Cliff… One key industry demand determinant is confidence. Consumer sentiment has staged a W-shaped recovery and while still flimsy the brightening vaccine efficacy news should catapult it higher in the coming quarters. The implication is that the wide gulf between consumer confidence and relative share prices will narrow via a catch up phase in the latter (top panel, Chart 6). Closely linked to the budding recovery in confidence are discretionary versus non-discretionary retail sales. Thus, the latter have been tightly correlated with the oscillations in relative share prices, and the current message is positive (top panel, Chart 7). Chart 6...But There Are Signs Of Life Moreover, the ISM non-manufacturing survey is on a sling shot recovery following the depths of the spring readings. This rebound also suggests that the path of least resistance is higher for lodging stocks (middle panel, Chart 6). Chart 7Enticing Signals On the business side, capex intentions are slated to increase in the coming year – as we highlighted above on the back of recovering animal spirits – and by extension so will business-related travel (bottom panel, Chart 7). Our hotel demand indicator does an excellent job at encapsulating all these different forces and forecasts an enticing lodging services demand backdrop into 2021 (bottom panel, Chart 6). Already, consumer outlays on hotels are staging a comeback albeit from an extremely depressed level. The upshot is that an earnings-led rebound is in the cards (middle panel, Chart 7). With regards to industry operating metrics, industry executives have reined in expansion plans: construction spending on hotels has been contracting all year long. At the margin, such a supply restraint on the heels of a seven-year expansion phase is quite encouraging (middle panel, Chart 8) as it will aid in the industry’s efforts to lift beaten down occupancy rates. Another reassuring industry operating metric is the confirmation that hotel workers are returning to work. Not only has leisure and hospitality employment absorbed more than half the losses suffered since the spring carnage, but also industry hours worked have ticked higher of late (bottom panel, Chart 8). Finally, washed out technicals and extremely alluring valuations provide an attractive reward/risk tradeoff at the current juncture (Chart 9). Chart 8Receding Supply Is Good Chart 9Plenty Of Upside Netting it all out, a firming demand backdrop for lodging services courtesy of the positive vaccine news, enticing industry operating metrics along with compelling valuations encourage us to take a punt on the niche S&P hotels, resorts & cruise line index. Bottom Line: Upgrade the S&P hotels, resorts & cruise lines index to overweight, today. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5HOTL – MAR, HLT, CCL, RCL, NCLH. Contrarian Housing Call Today we recommend a downgrade in the S&P homebuilding index to underweight. Since the March 23 SPX lows, consumer discretionary stocks are up 74%, besting the S&P 500 by 1500 basis points (bps). While single stock GICS4 sub-groups like household appliances (i.e. Whirlpool) have reached escape velocity rising over 200% over the same time frame, the S&P homebuilding index is also up a whopping 140%. While we were quick enough to close our underweight recommendation in March and cement impressive relative gains for the portfolio to the tune of 50%, we refrained from lifting exposure all the way to overweight and remained at benchmark. As a reminder, we opted instead to play a housing rebound via the sister home improvement retail index in mid-April that also added significant alpha to our portfolio. Residential real estate optimism abounds. The media’s bombardment is non-stop reminding consumers of runaway home prices, all-time lows in fixed mortgage rates (third panel, Chart 10) and nearly non-existent housing inventory (supply of homes shown inverted, middle panel, Chart 11), painting an urgency to stampede into home buying (top panel, Chart 11). Chart 10Positives Reflected In Prices Chart 11The Good… True, the COVID-19 recession has acted as an accelerant to the suburban housing boom and there is an element of at least a semi-permanent shift away from city centers and toward the suburbs as the work-from-home flexibility is not a fad. Tack on all-time highs on the overall NAHB housing sentiment survey and a number of sub-components like sales expectations (second panel, Chart 10) and no wonder mortgage applications to purchase a new home are also flirting with multi-year highs (bottom panel, Chart 10). Another survey, part of the Conference Board’s consumer confidence monthly survey, revealed that consumers’ plans to buy a new home are also probing all-time highs (second panel, Chart 10). Even the Fed’s October Senior Loan Officer survey highlighted that demand for residential mortgage loans is on the mend (bottom panel, Chart 11). However, we deem that most, if not all, of the good news is already priced in galloping homebuilders stock prices and exuberant expectations. While being contrarian is fraught with danger, as more often than not the herd is right, there is a key macro driver that gives us confidence to our going against the grain housing trade: interest rates. If our economic reopening thesis proves accurate next year, then the COVID-19 winners – homebuilders included – will take the back seat. Importantly, as the economy rebounds and is ready to stand on its own two feet, then the selloff in the bond market should gain significant steam. Using our 100-125bps rule of thumb to gauge how much monetary tightening the economy can withstand in a year’s time, then the 10-year US Treasury yield can hit 1.5% by next March. Historically, interest rates and relative share prices have been inversely correlated and a steep selloff in the bond market is bad news for homebuilding stocks (top panel, Chart 12). Chart 12...The Bad... Chart 13...And The Ugly Meanwhile on the operating housing front, some cracks are forming. New home sales, while brisk in absolute terms, are losing out to existing housing sales and homebuilders have resorted to price concessions in order to drive volumes (second, third & bottom panels, Chart 12). Profit margins are at the highest mark since the subprime crisis and are vulnerable to a squeeze not only from lower selling prices, but also from rising input costs. Framing lumber comprises roughly 15% of a new home’s commodity related costs and lumber prices have been expanding all year long (Chart 13). Finally, unfettered sell-side optimism reigns supreme. Net earnings revisions cannot go any higher as they hit a wall at the 100% ceiling. One year forward relative profit growth expectations are literally through the roof, and even five-year relative EPS growth estimates are up 1500bps since the 2019 nadir (Chart 14). All these metrics represent a high bar for homebuilders to surpass and we would lean against such extreme enthusiasm toward this niche early-cyclical group. However, there is a key risk to our bearish homebuilders call we are monitoring: cheap valuations. On relative forward P/E, trailing P/S and EV / EBITDA bases, home construction stocks offer compelling value (bottom panel, Chart 14). Whether this is a value opportunity or a trap, the jury is still out. For the time being we side with the latter. Chart 14Peak Sell-Side Euphoria In sum, home-related survey data paint a rosy picture for homebuilding demand in the coming months underpinned by low mortgage rates and low housing supply. Nevertheless, most of the good news is baked in resurgent homebuilder stock prices and the prospects of rising interest rates, a looming profit margin squeeze and extremely high earnings expectations warn that the time is ripe to shed S&P homebuilding exposure. Bottom Line: Trim the S&P homebuilding index to underweight, today. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5HOME – LEN, PHM, DHI, NVR.     Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com   Current Recommendations Current Trades Strategic (10-Year) Trade Recommendations Size And Style Views October 26, 2020 Favor small over large caps July 27, 2020 Overweight cyclicals over defensives June 11, 2018 Long the BCA Millennial basket  The ticker symbols are: (AAPL, AMZN, UBER, HD, LEN, MSFT, NFLX, SPOT, TSLA, V). January 22, 2018 Favor value over growth