FICC | Commodities

The looming risk of an economic downturn, geopolitical risk and inconsistent government policy are feeding commodity markets with volatility, additional to the market specific uncertainty-generating factors. Amidst heightened event-based uncertainty and a possible general economic deterioration, investors will pay more attention and react to events, increasing overall uncertainty levels, which in turn will further fuel commodity price volatility. Commodity producers will be disincentivized from making future supply investments against heightened price volatility and policy uncertainty.

Global oil demand growth is tracking with our estimate of ~ 1.8mm b/d for this year. Supply discipline is being maintained by OPEC 2.0, where the core (KSA and the UAE) and Russia have reduced production by ~ 240k b/d yoy in 1H23. In addition, KSA extended its unilateral production cut of 1mm b/d from July into August. We expect inventory draws in 2H23 as supply stays below demand. Our Brent forecast remains unchanged at $92/bbl this year, and $120/bbl next year. We remain long the COMT and XOP ETFs.

Markets continue to be tossed to and fro by central-bank policy, and risks of higher commodity prices. These are due to fiscal stimulus and exogenous weather and war-related risk, which could send food and energy prices higher this winter. We remain long gold outright, energy and metals producers via the XOP, XME and PICK ETFs, direct commodity exposure via the COMT ETF, and futures exposure to backwardation in copper (long 4Q23 copper futures vs. short 4Q24 copper futures).

China’s economic and diplomatic interests in the GCC region will expand, as will its military presence. Whether or not this stabilizes the region is yet to be determined, particularly if tensions in the South China Sea and other international waters traversed by both the US and China escalate. Underlying risk in energy markets will remain elevated. We remain bullish energy generally, and continue to favor equity ETF exposure to energy (XOP and XME), and commodity exposure via the COMT ETF.

The attempted coup in Russia produced subdued short-covering rallies in oil, gas, and grains markets, as markets over time have observed that coups, rarely result in loss of production and exports. Markets await Putin’s next move. Unless and until a viable threat to the Putin government emerges, markets will continue pricing in fundamentals prevailing prior to Saturday’s attempted coup. We are keeping our base case brent and henry hub natgas price expectations unchanged.

Machine learning has made significant progress in the physical sciences, although it has some ways to go in the social sciences. When asked to make predictions on oil markets, ChatGPT's responses lack in-depth analysis given its inability to understand the language and think critically. While in its current form, AI cannot replace forecasters, its wide breadth of 'knowledge' makes it useful in developing forecasting frameworks in unfamiliar domains.

The normalization of oil storage markets in the Northern Hemisphere; strong demand, aided by China stimulus this year; and continued production discipline supports our view Brent prices likely have bottomed, and will move higher from here. We raised our 2023 Brent forecast $2/bbl to $92/bbl. Our forecast for next year is revised upward by $5/bbl to $120/bbl. Price risk remains to the upside, particularly if KSA exercises its option to extend production cuts of 1mm b/d.

Oil and metals reacted positively to the PBOC's 10 bp cut in the seven-day reverse repo rate, which will be part of the larger monetary and fiscal support needed to revive the economy. While deposit rates at state-owned banks have been reduced, additional rate cuts are expected. On the fiscal side, tax breaks and credit support are planned for the domestic EV market, while authorities are reportedly mulling further assistance for the property market.

Slowing manufacturing PMI indices globally indicate the slowdown in economic activity will persist. Manufacturing demand for commodities will also soften, weighing on industrial commodity prices. Geopolitical tensions and the race to the green energy transition will upend enmeshed global supply chains, which will also impact manufacturing activity. It is possible that stimulus in China will arrest the decline in the state’s manufacturing activity, which will have positive spillover effects to its key trading partners.

Following this weekend’s OPEC 2.0 meeting, KSA announced a 1mm b/d crude output cut, slated for this July or August, as it attempts to support weak oil prices. The new output quotas, reduced to reflect members’ weak crude oil production will continue until end-2024. UAE’s quota was the only one raised in acknowledgement of its higher production capacity. On the back of this announcement, we continue to expect brent prices will average $90/bbl this year.