Consumer Discretionary

Highlights Portfolio Strategy Firming leading rail freight indicators signal that intermodal, coal and commodity (ex-coal) carloads are in high demand. Tack on the global economic reopening in the back half of the year and rising commodity prices, and factors are falling into place for a durable outperformance phase in rails. Boost exposure in the S&P rails index to overweight. Recovering lodging demand coupled with restrained industry capacity should restore hoteliers’ pricing power and boost profitability. The S&P hotels, resorts and cruises index remains a high-conviction overweight. Recent Changes Boost the S&P railroads index to overweight, today. On March 9, our 5% rolling stop on the S&P autos & components index was triggered and we lifted exposure to neutral that netted our portfolio 29% in relative gains since the January 25, 2021 inception. This move also augmented the S&P consumer discretionary sector back to a benchmark allocation resulting in a 7.5% gain.  Table 1 Feature While President Biden signed a new $1.9tn fiscal package into law last week, valid concerns surrounding the path of the 10-year US Treasury yield added choppiness to the stock market’s consolidation phase (Chart 1). Junk bond spreads stayed calm despite the ongoing Treasury bond market selloff and related MOVE index (bond market volatility) jump and remain a key indicator to monitor in order to gauge if a garden variety equity market pullback can morph into something more significant. Recent empirical evidence suggests that the deviation between the MOVE index and junk spreads will likely return to equilibrium via a settling down of the former, as occurred in the May 2013 taper tantrum episode (Chart 2). Chart 1Choppiness Galore Chart 2A Taper Tantrum Repeat? Importantly, delving deeper in the relationship between bonds and stocks and putting it in historical context is instructive. Our sister Emerging Markets Strategy service recently posited that in the coming years the current negative correlation between stock and bond prices will revert to positive as it prevailed prior to the Asian Crisis (Chart 3). The post-1997 era is largely characterized as disinflationary, while the period from the 1960s to the mid-1990s as primarily inflationary. As a reminder core PCE price inflation was last above the Fed’s 2.5% target in the early 1990s (please see grey zone, top panel, Chart 3). Chart 3From Inflation To Disinflation And Back To Inflation? Importantly, what will cement the correlation between stock prices and bond prices becoming definitively positive anew will be a shift upward of core PCE price inflation. Chart 4 shows that core PCE inflation leads the stock-to-bond correlation by 45 months and can serve as a confirming signpost that bonds will no longer offer downward protection to stocks and likely render risk parity useless. Chart 4Joined At The Hip, Albeit With A Lag If this paradigm shift is indeed taking root, this raises two questions: First, how will the broad equity market perform during a more persistent bond market selloff phase? Second, what equity sectors will likely outperform under such a scenario and which ones should equity investors avoid/underweight in their portfolios? Our analysis centered on historically significant bond market selloffs, which we clearly depict in the shaded areas in Chart 5. Chart 5Don’t Fear The Bond Bear Table 2 shows the results of our analysis broken down in two separate eras. Between the 1960s and the early-1990s, “the inflation era”, we use monthly data, whereas from the early-1990s onward, “the disinflation era”, we use high quality daily data. In the seven inflationary iterations the SPX median fall was 3%,1 whereas in the nine disinflationary episodes the SPX median rise was 18%.2 Impressively, since the LTCM debacle every single bond market selloff has been cheered by the stock market (Table 2). Table 2SPX Returns During Bond Bear Markets Table 3 delves deeper into GICS1 sectors and compares relative returns to the SPX during sizable bond market selloffs. Table 3US Equity Sector Returns During Bond Bear Markets During “the inflationary era” deep cyclicals outperformed the broad market, whereas early cyclicals trailed the SPX. The defensives’ performance is split down the middle with telecom and utilities faring poorly, while health care and staples outshining the SPX. One surprising result is that during “the inflationary era” relative tech performance was very resilient compared with what one would expect. There is an accentuation of relative returns in “the disinflationary era”, with all the defensives significantly underperforming and the deep cyclicals broadly outshining the SPX. Early cyclicals make a U-turn and are clear outperformers. One surprising result is the energy sector’s negative median return. Finally, the real estate sector’s significant underperformance really stands out in “the disinflationary era”. Netting it all out, the broad equity market has historically risen consistently in tandem with a bond market sell off primarily in “the disinflationary era”. Impressively, the SPX has been resilient on average even in “the inflationary era”; granted there have also been some notable drawdowns (Table 2). The implication is that at the current juncture the SPX may have some trouble digesting the bond market’s rapid selloff, but will recover smartly especially as the bond market selloff eventually proves more reflective of growth rather than restrictive. (For inclusion purposes, the appendix on page 16 shows the GICS1 sector performance since the 1960s with shaded areas depicting periods of significant bond market selloffs, and similar to Chart 3 the appendix on page 19 plots the relative share price monthly returns correlation to bond price monthly returns.) This week, we update our high-conviction overweight view on an early-cyclical sub-group with a reopening tailwind, and lift a deep cyclical transportation index to an above benchmark allocation. Hop Back On The Rails The Dow Theory is in full force and serves as a confirmation of the breakout in the Dow Industrials recently, as transports have been firing on all cylinders of late, and is also a harbinger of new all-time relative share price highs in railroads (Chart 6). Today we recommend investors get back on board the rails, a key transportation sub group, and lift exposure from neutral to overweight. Chart 6Dow Theory Green Light Leading indicators in all three key rail freight categories suggests that the railroad rebound is still in the early innings. The V-shaped recovery in the ISM manufacturing and services surveys is underpinning total rail shipments and signals that our rail diffusion indicator has more upside (Chart 7). Chart 7All Aboard… The Cass Freight Index shipments and expenditures components are also on a tear and corroborate that demand for rail freight services is robust. The upshot is that still beaten down sell-side analysts’ relative revenue growth estimates will likely surprise to the upside (Chart 8). Importantly, our Railroad Indicator does an excellent job in capturing this firming rail demand backdrop and signals that relative share price momentum has more room to rise (second panel, Chart 9). Chart 8...The Rails Chart 9Intermodal Is On Fire On the intermodal front, the back half of the year economic reopening due to the population’s inoculation along with President Biden's freshly signed fiscal spending bill suggest that retail related hauling services will pick up steam. The overall business sales-to-inventories (S/I) ratio in general and the retail S/I ratio in particular corroborate the upbeat demand outlook for intermodal carloads (third panel, Chart 9). Similarly, the LA port is as busy as ever as containerships are arriving non-stop full of cargo from China (bottom panel, Chart 9). On the commodity front, coal shipments are staging a comeback from extremely depressed levels and there is scope for a jump to expansionary territory especially given the soaring natural gas prices (second & middle panels, Chart 10). With regard to the broad commodity complex (excluding the historically large coal carload category) the demand profile for rail services is as upbeat as ever. Not only are commodity prices galloping higher, but also BCA’s Global Leading Economic Indicator is steeply accelerating painting a bright picture for rail hauling (fourth & bottom panels, Chart 10). Moreover, the surging global PMI signals that the global economic recovery is also on the ascent, which bodes well for relative profit growth (middle panel, Chart 11). Chart 10Commodity Carloads Set To Surge Chart 11Global Recovery Is A Tailwind Importantly, on the operating front our railroad industry profit margin proxy is at an historically wide level and underscores that the path of least resistance is higher for margins (Chart 11). Thus, rail profits are highly levered to industry pricing power that is on the cusp of spiking higher, especially if our thesis of the firming rail demand backdrop is accurate. The implication is that a rerating phase is in the cards for the S&P railroads index (middle panel, Chart 12). Finally, our EPS macro model has slingshot higher and suggests that rail earnings have a long runway ahead (bottom panel, Chart 12). Netting it all out, firming leading rail freight indicators signal that intermodal, coal and commodity (ex-coal) carloads are in high demand. Tack on the global economic reopening and rising commodity prices, and factors are falling into place for a durable outperformance phase in rails. Bottom Line: Boost the S&P rails index to overweight, today. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5RAIL – CSX, KSU, NSC, UNP. Chart 12Pricing Power Holds The Key   Stay Checked In To Hotels In late-November we boosted the S&P hotels, resorts & cruises index to overweight and got some eyebrows raised from our diverse client base. Subsequently, we added this niche consumer discretionary sub-group to our high-conviction overweight list for 2021 and the client pushback intensified. Today, we reiterate our high-conviction call on the S&P hotels, resorts & cruises index that has already added alpha to our portfolio to the tune of 17% since inception. While relative share price momentum has climbed of late and relative valuations have troughed, our sense is that the re-rating phase is just getting under way (Chart 13). As the global push for COVID-19 vaccinations heats up, the semblance of normality will serve as a catalyst to unlock excellent value in hotels.    True, lodging services demand is as downbeat as ever, but this index is a prime beneficiary of the reopening trade. Pent-up services demand will get unleashed with consumers likely indulging on more lavish vacationing starting this Memorial Day. Rising government transfers, a soaring savings rate and increasing incomes all augur well for lodging demand and is also corroborated by our hotels demand indicator (Chart 14). Tack on firming consumer sentiment and the ISM services index staying squarely above the 50 expansion line, and the industry’s demand outlook lifts further.   Chart 13A Valuation Re-rating Phase Looms Chart 14Leading Demand Indicators Give The All-clear Given that hotel capacity has been restrained, there are high odds that upbeat demand will likely catch hoteliers unprepared to fulfil it, and thus causing a jump in selling prices (Chart 15). Business travel is also slated to return as a flexible work place environment becomes the norm and the need to meet clients and prospects in order to conduct business will come back with a vengeance. The implication is that beaten down industry profit margins will recover smartly and boost lodging profitability especially given the collapse in the industry’s wage bill (Chart 15). Finally, our S&P hotels, resorts & cruises macro sales model encapsulates all these moving parts and signals that the budding recovery in revenue growth will gain momentum in the back half of the year (Chart 16). Chart 15Widening Margins Will Restore Profitability Chart 16Macro-based Revenue Growth Model Points To A V-shaped RecoveryAdding it all up, recovering lodging demand coupled with restrained industry capacity should restore hoteliers’ pricing power and boost profitability.   Bottom Line: We reiterate the high-conviction overweight status in the S&P hotels, resorts and cruises index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5HOTL – MAR, HLT, CCL, RCL, NCLH.   Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com   Appendix Chart A1 Chart A2 Chart A3 Chart A4 Chart A5 Chart A6     Footnotes 1     Given the different time frames of the bond market selloffs we decided to show annualized equity returns. 2     Ibid. Current Recommendations Current Trades Strategic (10-Year) Trade Recommendations Size And Style Views February 24, 2021 Stay neutral cyclicals over defensives January 12, 2021  Stay neutral small over large caps June 11, 2018 Long the BCA Millennial basket  The ticker symbols are: (AAPL, AMZN, UBER, HD, LEN, MSFT, NFLX, SPOT, ABNB, V). January 22, 2018 Favor value over growth

Neutral Our 5% rolling stop in the S&P automobiles & components was triggered intraday yesterday on the back of the slipping 10-year Treasury yield, forcing us to crystalize 29% in relative gains and move this early cyclical sub-group from underweight to neutral. This shift also lifts the S&P consumer discretionary sector to a benchmark allocation, locking in gains of 7.5% since the January 25, 2021 inception. Both of these indexes are hypersensitive to rising interest rates as their end-demand user is ultimately the consumer who does not like climbing borrowing costs. Moreover, TSLA in particular commands an astronomical forward P/E and a stratospheric forward P/S, underscoring that rising interest rates weigh heavily on lofty multiples. The opposite is also true.  While the US 10-year Treasury yield is likely to rise further in coming months on the back of mounting inflationary pressures, the velocity and ferocity of the up-move in yields year-to-date is in desperate need for a breather. A period of indigestion looms for the 10-year Treasury yield as there is also a near-term self-limiting aspect to the bond market’s selloff (please look forward to tomorrow’s US Sector Insight that will feature further analysis on the 10-year US Treasury and equities). Bottom Line: Book gains of 29% and 7.5% in the S&P automobiles & components and the S&P consumer discretionary indexes, respectively, since the January 25, 2021 inception, and upgrade to neutral.

Our Tesla-dominated S&P automobiles & components underweight is currently on fire (no pun intended) generating 34% in relative returns in just over a month. While our original rationale for the underweight exposure in this sub-sector remains intact, such impressive gains are forcing our hand to institute a 5% rolling stop as a portfolio management tool in order to protect profits. As a reminder, Tesla remains a mania stock that is due for a normalization phase especially given the melt up in the US 10-year Treasury yield that is weighing on still parabolic forward multiples, at the same time as new competitors are entering its end-demand market. Bottom Line: Institute a 5% rolling stop in the S&P automobiles & components index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5AUCO – TSLA, GM, F, APTV, BWA. ​​​​​​​

Underweight Recently we highlighted how the inclusion of TSLA in the S&P consumer discretionary sector catapulted the sector’s 5-year growth forecasts to the stratosphere. We also mentioned anecdotes of sell-side analysts having to conduct 20 year out DCF models to justify TSLA’s price.  As a result of all of this mania-like behavior, we downgraded the S&P autos & components index to underweight coincidentally the same week that TSLA surpassed $900/share; this move also pushed the overall consumer discretionary sector to a below benchmark allocation. Since then, the underweight stance in the S&P autos & components index has netted 19% in gains for our portfolio as the bond market vigilantes are trying to talk some sense into high-flying stocks. Not only is the bond market weighing heavily on stratospheric valuations, but also dark clouds are gathering on the operating front. For instance, VW Group outsold TSLA last year by a factor of over 3-to-1 in Norway, which is the most advanced BEV market in the world. Given that auto manufacturing is a cutthroat business with razor thin margins, we doubt it will be long before Japanese, German, Chinese and other BEV manufacturers enter the scene and question TSLA’s position in the market. As a reminder, TSLA continues to command a higher market capitalization than all the other global auto stocks put together. Something has got to give. Bottom Line: Stay underweight the S&P automobiles & components index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5AUCO – TSLA, GM, F, APTV, BWA.    

Today we close two high-conviction trades and place a stop buy order for the June 2021 expiry VIX futures as a hedge to the remaining positions. Homebuilders have proven to be more resilient than we expected, especially given the selloff in the bond market. Clearly the US consumer is not concerned about a rebound in rates, at least not yet. Moreover, the looming fiscal stimulus will only facilitate more excesses, even in the residential housing market, as a fresh wave of liquidity will likely more than offset the tightening in monetary conditions. Thus, we have lost confidence in our high-conviction underweight stance in this niche consumer discretionary group and are taking a loss of 11% since inception. The S&P consumer staples sector was a natural high-conviction underweight given our end-2021 4,000 SPX target that we arrived at on the November 9 Special Report. Now that the market is within spitting distance of our target, the risk reward is no longer as favorable as it used to be for this defensive sector. Thus, we are closing this high-conviction trade today for a gain of 8% since inception. Finally, we successfully capitalized on our long VIX futures hedge to the tune of 19% recently, but given that volatility is settling down, it pays to institute a stop buy order for the June 2021 expiry VIX futures near the 25 mark. Bottom Line: Close the S&P consumer staples and the S&P homebuilding high-conviction underweights for 8% and -11% returns, respectively since the December 7 inception; and place a stop buy order for the June 2021 VIX futures at the 25 level.

Dear client, Next week instead of our regular Strategy Report we will be sending you a Special Report from BCA’s Equity Analyzer service on Inflation and Factor investing penned by my colleague Lucas Laskey, Senior Quantitative Analyst. Finally, on February 22 we will be hosting our quarterly webcast one at 10am EST for North American and EMEA clients and one at 8pm EST for Asia Pacific, Australian and New Zealand clients “From Alpha To Omega With Anastasios”. Mathieu Savary, who heads our Daily Insights service, will be our special guest in the morning webcast. On March 1 we will resume our regular publication schedule. Kind Regards, Anastasios Highlights Portfolio Strategy China’s engineered economic deceleration, the knee jerk US dollar bounce along with signs of soft US capital expenditures entice us to protect our deep cyclicals versus defensives portfolio gains and institute a 2.5% rolling stop to this share price ratio. Rising relative capital outlays, firming software pricing power and an M&A frenzy more than offset the negative relative profit signal from our models that sell side analysts already anticipate. Continue to overweight the S&P software index.  Recent Changes Last Tuesday we closed out our VIX futures hedge for a gain of 19% since the December 7, 2020 inception. Last Wednesday we re-initiated our long “Back-To-Work”/short “COVID-19 Winners” pair trade. Feature Equity volatility settled down last week following a ferocious ten-day SPX oscillation that sent the VIX soaring to roughly 38 near the peak at the end of January, courtesy of the GME/Wallstreetbets (WSB) saga before collapsing back down near 21 last week. Chart 1 shows that this was likely an equity-only event: both risk off currencies – the yen and the franc – actually fell versus the USD, junk bond spreads barely budged and the vol curve violently inverted, a move that more often than not signals that complacency has morphed into panic. Importantly, when the Fed embarks on active QE the SPX drawdown maxes out at 10% based on empirical evidence, including the recent September/October 10% drawdown. Using the ES futures low hit two Sundays ago, the S&P 500 experienced a 5.3% peak-to-trough pullback well within the range of previous Fed active QE iterations. As a reminder, the 2010 and 2011, 17% and 20% respective drawdowns took root after the Fed had concluded QE1 and QE2 operations. The implication is that for a more significant drawdown to materialize, likely the Fed has to end the current QE operation and reinject some volatility in the bond markets (bottom panel, Chart 1).  Isolating the true signal from all this noise, convinced us to book handsome gains to the tune of 19% in our VIX June futures hedge (conservatively assuming that no leverage was used), reinitiate the long “Back-To-Work”/short “COVID-19 Winners” pair trade and put the small cap size bias on our upgrade watch list. As volatility has slowly died down, investors can start to refocus on profit fundamentals. Similar to the steep fall in EPS that the SPX 35% drawdown predicted in March of 2020, in recent research we showed that were we to hold the SPX at current levels, its 12-month rate-of-change would surpass the 61% mark next month and forecast that profit growth would rise by a similar amount. Indeed, sell side analysts’ bottom up earnings estimates corroborate this analysis as quarterly EPS will peter out roughly at a 48% year-over-year (YOY) growth rate next quarter and vault to all-time highs in quarterly level terms in Q3 following a three-year hiatus (Chart 2). Chart 1Equity-only Event Chart 2Joined At The Hip Importantly, the tech sector no longer commands an earnings weight similar to its market cap weight likely because it’s run ahead of itself and also because the rest of the sectors are playing catch up this year as the US economy is slated to reopen on the back of the herculean inoculation efforts (profit weight and mkt cap weight columns, Table 1). Table 1Sector EPS And Market Cap Weights This is most evident on the sector contribution to this year's SPX earnings growth. Historically, the tech sector commanded the lion’s share of profit explanation for the SPX, but not in 2021. In fact, the S&P IT sector is ranked 4th in terms of contribution to overall SPX profits, behind industrials, financials and consumer discretionary (Chart 3).   Delving deeper into 12-month forward earnings growth figures is instructive. Table 2 shows our universe of coverage ranked first by GICS1 sector growth rates and then re-ranked per sub-group. As an aside the energy sector’s EPS is slated to contract in calendar 2020 and thus any YOY growth rate figures are rendered useless for the broad sector and the energy sub-industries. Chart 3Sector Contribution To 2021 SPX EPS Growth Table 2Identifying S&P 500 Sector EPS Growth Leaders And Laggards Our portfolio positioning is well aligned with the sector ranking of EPS growth for the coming year. Put differently, given the havoc that COVID-19 wreaked to the US industrial and service bases it is normal that deep cyclical sectors along with financials and the decimated services-heavy parts of the consumer discretionary sector to occupy the top ranks. In contrast, defensives sectors that were largely COVID-19 beneficiaries (especially health care and consumer staples) are near the bottom of the pit. The sole misalignment is the bombed out real estate sector that we remain overweight (Table 2). Netting it all out, our sense is that the market has successfully navigated a tumultuous two-week period and we reiterate our long-held sanguine 9-12 month cyclical view on the prospects of the S&P 500. This week, we update a defensive tech sub-group and put a tight stop in the cyclicals/defensives portfolio bent in order to protect profits. Risks To The Cyclicals Over Defensives Portfolio Bent Last December we highlighted that China’s four year cycle will peter out in the back half of 2021 and could cause some equity market consternation, with stocks likely sniffing out any trouble likely by the end of Q1/2021. It appears that investors have been sleeping at the wheel and largely distracted by the GME/WSB saga. Not only did they neglect the robust SPX profit season, but they also ignored that something is amiss in China as we first showed last week (please refer to Chart 12 here). Importantly, what worries us most is the transition from China being the primary locomotive of global growth to the US taking the reins in coming quarters. Clearly such a handoff is tumultuous, especially given the recent added risk of a reflex rebound in the greenback that we first warned about on January 12 when we set the cyclicals/defensives ratio on downgrade alert. Subsequently, we upgraded the S&P utilities sector to neutral locking in gains of 15% for the portfolio, and today we decide to institute a 2.5% rolling stop in the cyclicals/defensives portfolio bent, in order to participate on further upside but also protect 16% gains for the portfolio since the July 27, 2020 inception in case of a market relapse. Practically, when the rolling stop gets triggered we will move the cyclicals/defensives bent down to neutral via executing the downgrade alert we have in the S&P materials sector. In more detail, China’s slamming on the brakes is the key risk to cyclicals/defensives. Not only are the Chinese authorities trying to engineer a slowdown with the recent reverse repo operations, but also BCA’s China Monetary Indicator, the selloff in the Chinese sovereign bond market and the cresting in the PBOC’s balance sheet are all corroborating the economic deceleration signal (Chart 4). Chinese total social financing has peaked, the 6-month credit impulse is plunging, and the nosedive in Goldman Sachs’ Chinese current activity indicator (CAI) are all firing warning shots that the economy is slated to slowdown (Chart 5).  Chart 4Everywhere… Chart 5…One Looks… Already both the Chinese manufacturing and services PMIs have hooked down with the manufacturing new orders-to-inventories (NOI) in free fall and export orders in outright contraction. Tack on the reversal in the Citi economic surprise index (ESI) for China and the outlook dims further for US cyclicals/defensives (Chart 6). No wonder Chinese demand for loans has turned the corner, infrastructure spending has topped out and railway freight volumes have ticked down as a direct response to the tightening in Chinese monetary conditions (Chart 7). Chart 6…China… Chart 7…Is Slowing… Chinese imports flirting with the zero line best capture all this softening in Chinese data and also warns that the US cyclicals/defensives ratio is nearing a zenith (Chart 8). Beyond the dual risk of a counter trend rally in the USD and China’s undeniable deceleration, returning to US shores reveals another source of potential trouble for cyclicals/defensives. Chart 8…Down The US Citi ESI has come back down to earth, and the ISM manufacturing PMI cooled off last month with the NOI ratio flashing red (Chart 9). Importantly, Goldman Sachs’ US CAI is sinking like a stone corroborating that, at the margin, US economic data is softening (Chart 10). Moreover, US capex is in the doldrums courtesy of the collapse in EPS last year that dealt a blow to CEO confidence. Worrisomely, the rollover in the latest capex intentions from regional Fed surveys along with the downbeat NFIB survey’s capital outlays in 6-months component underscore that CEOs remain reluctant to invest (Chart 9). Chart 9Even US Trouble… Finally, relative valuations have surged to all-time highs leaving no cushion in case of a mishap, while relative technicals are in extreme overbought territory near a level that has marked the commencement of prior relative share price drawdowns (Chart 11). Chart 10…Is Brewing Netting it all out, China’s engineered economic deceleration, the knee jerk US dollar bounce along with signs of soft US capital expenditures entice us to protect our deep cyclicals versus defensives portfolio gains and institute a 2.5% rolling stop to this share price ratio. Bottom Line: Prepare to move the cyclicals/defensives portfolio bent back down to neutral from currently overweight. Today we recommend investors establish a 2.5% rolling stop to the cyclicals/defensives relative share price ratio as a risk management tool in order to protect profits. Chart 11Overstretched And Pricey Software On The Ascend While we remain on the sidelines with regard to the broad S&P technology sector we continue to recommend a barbell portfolio approach preferring defensive software and services stocks to aggressive hardware and equipment equities. In that light, we reiterate our overweight stance in the key S&P software sub-industry that still commands the highest market cap weight in the tech sector just shy of 33%. While overall capex is sluggish as we highlighted above, software capital outlays have recovered smartly and according to national accounts are growing at a 10%/annum pace. Stock market-reported capex confirms that software capital expenditures are on an absolute tear and remain a key pillar of our secular preference for this defensive tech group (Chart 12). On the sales front, COVID-19 accelerated the push to the cloud and 2020 has been a bumper year for industry sales. True there is an element of stealing revenues from the future, but as long-time readers of our publication know we do not believe that SaaS is a fad and the adoption of cloud services remains in the early innings. Impressively, while relative forward top line growth expectations have rolled over, the attempt of the software price deflator to exit deflation suggests that software stocks will easily surpass this lowered revenue bar in coming quarters (Chart 13). Chart 12Primary Capex Beneficiary Amidst the IPO frenzy that has captured investors’ imagination especially given the spectacular increases in both SNOW and PLTR (neither of which is in the SPX yet), software M&A fever remains as high as ever. This constant reduction of software stock supply, coupled with the insatiable appetite of software executives to aggressively retire equity, signals that software equity prices will remain well bid (Chart 14). Chart 13Software Tries To Exit Deflation Chart 14Positive Share Price Dynamics Nevertheless, our relative EPS growth models are waving a yellow flag. The SPX is slated to grow profits north of 25% this year, but according to our profit models software will only manage to grow in the single digits, thus trailing the broad market by a wide margin. Encouragingly, this grim relative profit growth backdrop is already reflected in depressed sell side analysts’ forecasts (Chart 15). Finally, while relative valuations are still lofty they recently have corrected back to one standard deviation above the historical mean. Similarly, relative technicals have worked off overbought conditions and have settled down near the recent historical average (Chart 16). Chart 15Risks… In sum, rising relative capital outlays, firming software pricing power and an M&A frenzy more than offset the negative relative profit signal from our models that sell side analysts already anticipate. Bottom Line: Continue to overweight the S&P software index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5SOFT – MSFT, ADBE, CRM, ORCL, INTU, NOW, ADSK, ANSS, SNPS, CDNS, FTNT, PAYC, CTXS, NLOK, TYL. Chart 16…To Monitor   Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com Current Recommendations Current Trades Strategic (10-Year) Trade Recommendations Size And Style Views January 12, 2021  Stay neutral small over large caps July 27, 2020 Overweight cyclicals over defensives (2.5% rolling stop) June 11, 2018 Long the BCA Millennial basket  The ticker symbols are: (AAPL, AMZN, UBER, HD, LEN, MSFT, NFLX, SPOT, ABNB, V). January 22, 2018 Favor value over growth

In last week’s US Sector Insight we showed how TSLA’s inclusion in the S&P 500 pushed consumer discretionary 5-year forward EPS growth into the stratosphere. We then dove deeper into this GICS1 sectors in this Monday’s Strategy Report and downgraded the S&P automobiles & components index to underweight. On the profit front, a wide gap has opened between relative share prices and relative forward EPS, which suggests that high-flying auto stocks will soon stop defying gravity (Chart 1). At the same time, technicals are also waving a red flag: the S&P autos & components relative annualized 13-week rate of change clocked in at over 250%/annum, steeply diverging from relative net EPS revisions (Chart 2). Chart 1Shy Away From Cult Stocks Chart 2Shy Away From Cult Stocks   Given that auto manufacturing is a cutthroat business with razor thin margins and that other Japanese, German and Chinese BEV manufacturers are entering the scene (for example VW Group outsold TSLA last year by a factor of over 3-to-1 in Norway, which is the most advanced BEV market), we doubt that prices will sustain their divergence from profits for much longer. Bottom Line: We trimmed the S&P automobiles & components index to underweight. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5AUCO – TSLA, GM, F, APTV, BWA.

In the January 19th Special Report we instituted a long S&P REITs / short S&P homebuilders pair trade with a 10% stop loss. Yesterday, our stop was triggered and we are obeying it and closing this pair trade. Among other reasons, one of the macro drivers that compelled us to put this pair trade on was the 10-year US Treasury yield: historically the correlation between the relative share price ratio and interest rates would snap positive especially following a recession. Hence, a pullback in yields was also a key risk we highlighted for this pair trade. The 10-year US Treasury yield peaked near 1.19% and has continued to correct breaking below 1.04%, which at the margin boosts the allure of homebuilding stocks and consequently put our pair trade offside. While the original reasoning for putting this pair trade on remains intact, we refrain from fighting the trend and opt to move to the sidelines for the time being. We will be on the lookout for a better-timed entry point in the near future. Bottom Line: Obey the trailing stop and close the long S&P REITs / short S&P homebuilders pair trade for a loss of 10%.  

Highlights Portfolio Strategy Speculative fervor dominates trading in the S&P auto & components group, but soaring long-term profit projections, lofty valuations, overbought technicals, and a looming German/Japanese/Chinese BEV competitive attack on TSLA’s BEV home turf, all but guarantee some cooling off in the recent exuberance in this GICS2 industry group, and compel us to downgrade exposure to underweight. This move also pushes the S&P consumer discretionary sector to a below benchmark allocation, today. A firming operating backdrop, a stealthy turn in select macro data, extreme sell-side pessimism, bombed out technicals and compelling valuations all signal that it no longer pays to be bearish the S&P utilities sector. Upgrade to neutral.  Recent Changes Downgrade the S&P automobiles & components index to underweight, today. This move also pushes the S&P consumer discretionary sector to a below benchmark allocation, today. Upgrade the S&P utilities sector to neutral today, locking in gains of 14.8% since inception. Last Wednesday our rolling stop on the long “Back To Work”/short “COVID-19 Winners” pair trade got triggered and we booked gains of 21.5% since the September 8 inception. Table 1 Feature The SPX cheered Joe Biden’s inauguration and vaulted to fresh all-time highs last week. It is now at spitting distance from our 4,000 target, a mere 3.8% higher. While loose fiscal and easy monetary policies have staying power and will remain largely intact in 2021, their efficacy is dwindling. Crudely put, it would take additional extra-ordinary larger amounts of stimuli to move the needle, as all the good news and then some, is already reflected in fully valued stocks. Financial conditions are the easiest on record, as we highlighted recently, and investor complacency reigns supreme given the 0.34 print in the equity put/call ratio (Chart 1). Chart 1Complacency Reigns In the near-term, something’s got to give. Importantly, a rising number of indicators we track are flashing red. Not only is there a plethora of anecdotes that the newly minted stock traders using Robinhood are chasing story stocks armed with freshly-written stimulus checks, but margin debt is also exploding (Chart 2). Granted, the latter is a coincident indicator, nevertheless the stampede into stocks via tapping margin accounts is near previous cyclical zeniths: the annualized 13-week rate of change of margin debt uptake surpassed 100%/annum, a move last seen in 2007/2008 and 1999/2000 (Chart 2). Correcting margin debt for GDP and total stock market capitalization for the size of the US economy (Buffett Indicator) is revealing. Both measures are at an extreme using data going back to the 1970s, making the equity market susceptible to disappointment (Chart 3). Buyer exhaustion will come sooner rather than later, and such a dearth of buyers will cause at least an air pocket in stocks. Chart 2Maxed Out On Debt? Chart 3Off The Charts Moreover, there is an element of pre-GFC-type excesses, but now investors are speculating with equities instead of housing. Back then, NINJA loans, ARM loans and subprime loans in general were sustaining the house of cards as long as the price of the underlying asset kept on rising. As soon as prices crested and moved sideways to lower, debt deflation hit real estate speculators hard, especially ones that owned multiple homes. Currently, anecdotes of homeowners speculating on the stock market via Mortgage Equity Withdrawals (Greenspan-Kennedy MEW)1 are also mushrooming. In other words, many retail investors are tapping into their home equity and money saved from ultra-cheap re-financings and redeploying it into stocks. As of Q3/2020 MEW is running at the highest level since the GFC at $300bn or roughly 2% of disposable income; keep in mind that the latter has also gotten a COVID-19 fiscal boost to the order of $1.2tn, which makes the galloping MEW even more remarkable (Chart 4). Chart 4Even MEW Is Spiking While MEW is nowhere near its 2007/2008 peak, surely some of it is leaking into equities, beyond PCE, further fueling the recent stock market exuberance. Another indicator that has sprang to life of late is our Equity Capitulation Index. Back in March we used this indicator from a contrary perspective when we recommended investors go long equities on a cyclical basis (reason #16 to start buying equities). Subsequently we have remained cyclically exposed, but we cannot neglect the negative signal this indicator is now emitting: it has clawed back all the losses since March and is now at a level that has marked previous near-term tops, and at an eerily similar level as during the 2010 SPX peak (second panel, Chart 5). Further on the sentiment front, bulls are abundant, but bears have gone extinct: according to Investors Intelligence the bull/bear ratio is closing in on 4, an historically elevated ratio (Chart 6). Chart 5Contrary Alert: Bears Capitulated? Chart 6Extreme Sentiment Reading Netting it all out, speculative fervor has taken over the equity markets and at least a healthy near-term breather is warranted in order to consolidate recent impressive gains. We remain cautious on the short-term prospects of the broad equity market and continue to recommend investors go long a $390/$410 call spread on the SPY exchange traded fund financed by a short $340 put on the SPY for either March or June option expiries. This week, we downgrade a consumer goods index to underweight that is at the epicenter of the recent equity market bubble talk. This change also pushes the S&P consumer discretionary index to a below benchmark allocation. Further, we trigger our upgrade alert on a niche defensive sector monetizing sizable gains for the portfolio. Downgrade Autos & Components To Underweight We recommend investors shy away from the S&P automobiles & components GICS2 industry group, and today we downgrade it to an underweight stance. Before analyzing this group that has an 80%+ weight in TSLA in more detail, a couple of bubble-related observations are in order. The top panel of Chart 7 shows the google trends search term ‘stock market bubble’ as a time series, and it has hit all-time highs since the 2004 start in this data search query. Importantly, linking this to the SPX is instructive. Every time these search results pick up steam, so does S&P 500 momentum until it cracks. Assuming a sideways move from here onward on the S&P until the spring, it will boost year-over-year momentum to a peak over the 50%/annum mark (bottom panel, Chart 7). Using weekly data, the SPX has only managed such a feat three other times since WWlI, in 1983, in 1998 and in 2010 (as a reminder we drew SPX parallels to 1998 and 2010 earlier this month). True, this does not prove that the SPX is in a bubble per se, however it does highlight that it is overstretched and at risk of a snapback. While everyone was preoccupied with the effect TSLA’s SPX inclusion would have on the index’s 12-month forward P/E, the real change crept up in the long-term EPS growth expectations. This story stock caused the S&P 500’s five-year profit growth expectation to skyrocket from 12% to 21% overnight (top panel, Chart 8) and pushed down the S&P 500 forward P/E/G ratio to near par (not shown). Chart 7Bubble Talk Mushrooming Chart 8"It's too good for true, honey, it's too good for true" (Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 1884), Mark Twain. Back in late-1999, YHOO’s SPX inclusion also caused a bump in this metric, but it paled in comparison to TSLA’s current dominance. In other words, nine percentage points of growth are attributed to a single stock or 43% of the SPX EPS growth is tied to the fortunes of TSLA. We highly doubt this will occur as analysts have been upgrading profit estimates and price targets for TSLA hand over fist over the past few months, with some using DCFs out to 2040 in order to back up their forecasts. Drilling deeper beneath the surface into the consumer discretionary sector is revealing. TSLA’s inclusion pushed the sector’s 5-year forward profit growth estimates to 83% (bottom panel, Chart 8). To put this in perspective it translates into consumer discretionary profits increasing 20 fold in the next 5 years; no, this is not a typo. Assuming that stock prices follow profits as it typically transpires, then prices will have to rise by a similar amount. Again, our sense is that this is highly unlikely. In comparison, AMZN’s graduation to the SPX in late-2005 barely budged this profit growth metric for the GICS1 sector as tech stocks were still licking their wounds from the dotcom bubble burst. One level lower into GICS2 territory and circling back to S&P auto & components, data series go fully parabolic, to a degree not seen even during the dotcom bubble era. The same aforementioned long-term growth rate zooms to over 300% for the S&P automobiles & components index compared with the broad market (Chart 9). Turning over to relative revenue expectations for the coming 12 months that data point surges close to 15% (middle panel, Chart 9). With regard to valuations, relative forward P/E, relative P/S and P/B are all in the stratosphere, warning that there is no valuation cushion to fall back on in case of an earnings mishap (Chart 10). Chart 9Dizzying… Chart 10...Heights Importantly, on the profit front, a wide gap has opened between relative share prices and relative forward EPS, which suggests that high-flying auto stocks will soon stop defying gravity (Chart 11). Technicals are also waving a red flag: the S&P autos & components relative annualized 13-week rate of change clocked in at over 250%/annum, steeply diverging from relative net EPS revisions (Chart 12). Chart 11Stocks Should Follow Profits Chart 12Cult Stock… Using the datastream index equivalent to the S&P automobiles & components (this data provider had included TSLA prior to the S&P’s inclusion in the S&P 500) reveals that this relative share price ratio is on a tear and warns investors that the S&P automobiles & components index is not as depressed as it first appears to the naked eye (Chart 13). Chart 13...Effect Looking at the single stock level, TSLA exemplifies the mania of the 2020s (bottom panel, Chart 14). This story stock has been moving in lockstep with M1 money supply. Such a breakneck pace of appreciation is clearly unsustainable (Chart 15). Chart 14TSLA Is A Mania Chart 15Spurious? Doubt It Finally, comparing TSLA to its global peers is also mind boggling. TSLA is worth a couple hundred billion US dollars more than all of the other global auto stocks put together (top panel, Chart 14)! Auto manufacturing is a cutthroat business with razor thin margins. Thus, we doubt that the German and Japanese (and lately even Chinese BEV makers) auto makers are not going to make inroads into TSLA’s BEV home turf. In Norway, the most advanced BEV market in the world, VW Group outsold TSLA last year by a factor of over 3-to-1. In sum, speculative fervor dominates trading in the S&P auto & components group, but soaring long-term profit projections, lofty valuations, overbought technicals, and a looming German/Japanese/Chinese BEV competitive attack on TSLA’s BEV home turf all but guarantee some cooling off in the recent exuberance in this GICS2 industry group. Bottom Line: Trim the S&P automobiles & components index to underweight today. This move also pushes the S&P consumer discretionary sector to a below benchmark allocation. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5AUCO – TSLA, GM, F, APTV, BWA. Act On The Utilities Upgrade Alert, Lock In Gains And Lift Exposure To Neutral We have been on the right side of the underweight utilities position for the better part of the past two years, but now that the easy money has been made we are compelled to book handsome gains of 14.8% for the portfolio since inception and move to the sidelines. The bearish story is well known on utilities and avoiding them is now a consensus trade. Chart 16 shows that when the economy is in expansion mode, it pays to minimize utilities exposure. The pendulum always swings the opposite direction and when the cycle matures, investors seek the safe haven stable cash flow status of this niche defensive sector. Extreme euphoria has taken over in the overall equity space and while the vaccine rollout news is a big positive, we doubt the ISM manufacturing survey reading can rise significantly from the current historically stretched level (ISM survey shown inverted, top panel, Chart 16). Similarly, junk yields are at all-time lows confirming that investor complacency is sky-high, and the USD very oversold with positioning stretched to the short dollars side. Any hiccups would cause all three of these macro indicators to reverse course abruptly, which would boost relative utilities share prices (Chart 16). Already, the CITI economic surprise index is sinking like a stone, equity market vol refuses to fall below 20, and the gap between the 10-year US Treasury (UST) yield and relative share prices remains historically wide, leaving ample room for utilities to catch up to the year-over-year drubbing in yields (yields shown inverted, top panel, Chart 17). In fact, were the broad equity market to correct as we expect in the near-term, there are high odds that the 10-year UST yield would fall, further boosting the allure of high yielding utilities. Chart 16Bearish Story Is Well Known Chart 17It No Longer Pays To Avoid Utilities On the operating front, nat gas prices have stopped hemorrhaging and as this least dirty fossil fuel gains broader investor acceptance in the new EV/ESG and responsible investing world, there is scope for utilities to reassert some of their lost pricing power. As a reminder, natural gas prices are the marginal price setter for utilities and the recent jump in momentum in the former is encouraging for utilities selling prices (second panel, Chart 18). Chart 18Positive Operating… Chart 19...Backdrop Moreover, industry inventories are whittled down and utilities construction has been receding, throughout last year (inventories shown inverted, top panel, Chart 19). In fact, it is contracting at roughly a 10%/annum pace (construction shown inverted, bottom panel, Chart 19). Taken together, it no longer pays to be overly bearish this niche defensive sector. Unsurprisingly, sell-side analysts have thrown in the towel and relative 12-month profit forecasts have plummeted, probing all-time lows near the negative 20% mark (third panel, Chart 18). Analyst pessimism is even more pronounced on the five-year outlook, with relative profit growth collapsing again near the negative 17% mark (bottom panel, Chart 18)! Granted this is a single stock’s effect as we showed in the previous section, with late-December TSLA inclusion to the index pushing the SPX long-term profit growth estimate to nearly 21%. We would lean against such pessimism. Finally, relative technicals and valuations also warn against staying negative on the prospects of the S&P utilities sector (Chart 20). Importantly, our Technical Indicator has fallen to one standard deviation below the historical mean, a level that has marked six countertrend up-moves in the past 25 years (bottom panel, Chart 20). Adding it all up, a firming operating backdrop, a stealthy turn in select macro data, extreme sell-side pessimism, bombed out technicals and compelling valuations all signal that it no longer pays to be bearish the S&P utilities sector. Bottom Line: Execute the upgrade alert and augment the S&P utilities sector to neutral today locking in gains of 14.8% since inception. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5UTIL – NEE, D, DUK, SO, AEP, EXC, XEL, ES, SRE, WEC, AWK, PEG, ED, DTE, AEE, EIX, ETR, PPL, CMS, FE, AES, LNT, ATO, EVRG, CNP, NI, NRG, PNW. Chart 20Unloved And Undervalued   Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com     Footnotes 1     https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2007/200720/200720pap.pdf Current Recommendations Current Trades Strategic (10-Year) Trade Recommendations Size And Style Views January 12, 2021  Stay neutral small over large caps October 26, 2020 Favor small over large caps July 27, 2020 Overweight cyclicals over defensives (Downgrade Alert) June 11, 2018 Long the BCA Millennial basket  The ticker symbols are: (AAPL, AMZN, UBER, HD, LEN, MSFT, NFLX, SPOT, TSLA, V). January 22, 2018 Favor value over growth

While everyone was preoccupied with the effect TSLA’s SPX inclusion would have on the index’s 12-month forward P/E, the real change crept up in the long-term EPS growth expectations. This story stock caused the S&P 500’s five-year profit growth expectation to skyrocket from 12% to 21% overnight (top panel) and push down the S&P 500 forward P/E/G to near par (not shown). Back in late-1999, YHOO’s SPX inclusion also caused a bump in this metric, but it paled in comparison to TSLA’s current dominance. In other words, nine percentage points of growth are attributed to a single stock or 43% of the SPX EPS growth is tied to the fortunes of TSLA. We highly doubt this will occur as analysts have been upgrading profit estimates and price targets for TSLA hand over fist, with some using DCFs out to 2040 in order to back up their forecasts. Drilling deeper beneath the surface into the consumer discretionary sector is revealing. TSLA’s inclusion pushed the sector’s 5-year forward profit growth estimates to 83% (bottom panel). To put this in perspective it translates into consumer discretionary profits increasing 20 fold in the next 5 years; no, this is not a typo. Assuming that stock prices follow profits as it typically transpires, then prices will have to rise by a similar amount. Again, our sense is that this is highly unlikely. In comparison, AMZN’s graduation to the SPX in late-2005 barely budged this profit growth metric for the GICS1 sector as tech stocks were still licking their wounds from the dotcom bubble burst. Bottom Line: Frothiness is prevalent in certain parts of the equity market and some near-term caution is warranted. We reiterate our recent recommendation that investors deploy fresh capital via going long the $390/$410 SPY call spread and financing it via a $340 put either for March or June expiries. For additional analysis please look forward to this coming Monday’s Strategy Report.