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FICC | Commodities
Global macro commodity and energy coverage, combining top-down and bottom-up fundamental research. Typically published twice a month.
The no landing scenario has been gaining traction as the dominant driver of financial markets, providing a tailwind to commodities via increased demand for inflation hedges. Unless commodity markets experience a major supply shock, a narrative shift in favor of the hard landing scenario would create a headwind for commodities. A decisive top in the equity market would provide an early warning for commodity investors.
Strong growth in the US and large EMs ex-China will translate into higher oil demand in 2024 – 2025. With mostly unchanged oil supply, tighter markets will ensue. We’ve raised our 2024 average Brent forecast to $98/bbl, and expect $105/bbl in 2H24. In 2025, we expect Brent to average $110/bbl. Prices could easily move higher, if the US moves against one or all of the states enjoying US sanctions forbearance – Russia, Iran, Venezuela. If Brent trades through $110/bbl, Saudi Arabia and the UAE will release spare capacity.
Our bullish gold, copper and oil calls have played out as expected, with gains of 14%, 11% and 16% since the beginning of the year. In this risk assessment of our views, we conclude the bull trends driving these markets higher remain intact. However, the risks of central-bank policy errors, resource nationalism and protectionism are rising. We are raising our gold and copper price targets to $2,500/oz (from $2,300/oz) and $5.00/lb (from $4.50/lb).
Copper markets are fast approaching a price breakout, as Chinese smelters scramble to find ore to meet increasing refined-copper demand in the wake of a global manufacturing rebound. We are holding fast to our expectation of $4.50/lb (COMEX) this year. We remain long the XME ETF to retain exposure to copper miners and refiners, and the COMT ETF to retain exposure to commodity flat price and the copper backwardation we expect.
Inflationary pressures this year will remain subdued as labor-productivity growth – driven by strong capex and R+D spending – continues. This will make the Fed more confident in beginning its policy-rate-cutting cycle in June, and will keep gold well bid. We are raising our gold target to $2,300/oz. We continue to expect no recession this year.
We expect oil-demand growth to increase this year – to 1.7mm b/d from 1.4mm b/d (0.30% of total demand) – and anticipate tighter supply at the margin. Our balances estimates are unchanged, leaving our Brent price forecasts for 2024 and ’25 at $95/bbl and $105/bbl. We expect the US to deploy warships if Venezuela makes a move on Guyanese territory in a bid to grab deep-water oil production.
Global ag markets will become more volatile as anthropogenically induced climate change continues to degrade farmland. This will make price signals emanating from these markets less efficient in terms of processing supply-demand fundamentals. All else equal, food prices likely move higher, which will contribute to inflationary biases in the medium-to-long run. Investors will continue to seek out farmland investments as a way to diversify portfolio risk and raise absolute returns.
Qatar’s strategy to raise LNG output 84% by 2030 is a bold bet DM demand for energy security – and EM demand for affordable electricity to support economic and population growth – will remain a higher priority than eliminating fossil-fuel consumption over the next 20 years. This will accelerate the development of a global LNG spot market, which will increase demand for LNG tankers.
Naturally occurring hydrogen as a clean-energy source has the potential to satisfy significant energy demand growth at low cost. Oil and gas E+P companies and pipelines are ideally positioned to take a leading role in this clean-energy evolution, given their core competencies include large-scale resource extraction, storing and transporting gaseous commodities. Blending gold hydrogen with natural gas in pipeline systems could accelerate the industry’s learning curve in finding and delivering clean-energy fuels.