Economy
In the middle of the last economic recovery, BCA Research’s US Investment Strategy service created a portfolio to track the performance of assets popular among investors searching for yield. We dubbed it the “thirst for yield” portfolio and calculated it…
September US commercial real estate prices revealed that fears of a total collapse in the value of office property, along with the likely sizeable effects on small US bank balance sheets, have yet to materialize. We detailed the commercial real estate…
The September US Durable Goods exceeded expectations virtually across the board. Durable goods orders came in at 1.9%, handily beating consensus estimates of 0.5% and rebounding from August's revised 0.4%. Nondefense capital goods orders (excluding aircraft…
BCA Research's US Investment Strategy service highlights the resilience of US households. With the CARES Act’s supplemental unemployment insurance benefit having expired at the end of July, are households with the highest marginal propensity to consume at…
In yesterday’s Insight, we highlighted the resilience of the euro area’s manufacturing PMI and noted that a robust industrial sector is consistent with a continued recovery – even in the face of the negative impact that renewed lockdown measures will have on…
US and global small caps have outperformed their large cap peers significantly over the past month, after having sold off violently in March of this year. While US small caps remain below early-March levels in relative terms, the rally over the past month has…
Yesterday’s German Ifo survey showed that businesses are growing wary of the impact of European toughened social distancing measures on their operations. After rising for five consecutive months, the headline IFO Business Climate series fell to 92.7 from a…
Your feedback is important to us. Please take our client survey today. Highlights Portfolio Strategy Today we recommend investors shift to a small versus large cap size bias on the back of rising inflation expectations, a steepening yield curve, a recovering commodity complex, a semblance of normality as the economy fully reopens in 2021, a looming fiscal stimulus package, and deeply oversold conditions. Recent Changes Prefer highly-cyclical small caps at the expense of more defensive large caps. Table 1 Feature The SPX was rudderless last week as another week of intense fiscal policy drama dominated headline news both in Washington, D.C. and on Wall Street, overshadowing Q3 earnings season. Markets remain hostage to the stimulus tug-of-war and the renewed uncertainty has cast a shadow on the short-term prospects of durable gains in the broad equity market. We continue to recommend investors stay patient and opt to put fresh cash to work after the election-related uncertainty lifts. Odds remain high that the SPX glides lower into November before it resumes its cyclical bull market. Recently, we read Marko Papic’s (Chief Strategist at Clocktower Group) seminal book Geopolitical Alpha and we participated in a vibrant webcast hosted by our sister Geopolitical Strategy service last Wednesday celebrating Marko’s milestone. Marko’s book is a page turner and lived up to our high expectations: he concisely delivered content full of bold out-of-consensus predictions. Pages 92/93 reveal Marko’s most important forecast in our view: “The transition from the Washington to Buenos Aires Consensus will dominate markets over the next decade. This transition is more relevant than the US-China geopolitical rivalry, risks to European integration, and technological change. All assets will be influenced by the deluge of fiscal and monetary policy”. In recent research, we have been writing about the transition to the fiscally irresponsible Buenos Aires Consensus, and COVID-19 has not only made the US government profligate, but also insensitive to rising debt loads (Chart 1). Chart 1Buenos Aires Consensus However, borrowing from Marko’s framework and applying a material constraint in the form of interest rates is instructive. We turned cyclically bullish on the SPX in mid-March and on March 23 we published the QE shaded chart that we are updating today; from the three asset classes we showcase only the 10-year US Treasury yield has yet to rise to a level consistent with some semblance of economic normality (Chart 2). The Fed has likely slayed all the Bond Vigilantes, but the Fed itself is the mega Vigilante, at the moment in a multi-year hibernation. Pundits use the 1994 example for the massive selloff in the bond market (the one that produced Democratic political adviser James Carville’s great quote: “I used to think that if there was reincarnation, I wanted to come back as the president or the pope or as a .400 baseball hitter. But now I would like to come back as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.”). However, they neglect to mention that the Fed doubled the fed funds rate (FFR) from 3% to 6% in a short time span, first igniting and then turbocharging the selloff in the bond market (Chart 3). Chart 2QE Is Always Bullish Chart 3Lessons From History This cycle, the Fed is acting as an enabler of the transition to the Buenos Aires Consensus. Thus the interplay between the Fed and the bond market will be critical to monitor in coming quarters and years. More specifically, understanding the Fed’s reaction function to a potential doubling in the 10-year US Treasury yield and jump in the FFR change expectations is essential. The most recent and relevant example was during the GFC, when the Fed held the FFR near zero from December 2008 until December 2015. In this seven-year period, the interplay between the FFR change expectations and the 10-year US Treasury yield reveals that the sensitivity of interest rates to FFR change expectations stood near 2-to-1; i.e. a 50bps increase in the FFR change expectations would push the 10-year yield 100bps higher and vice versa (Chart 4). Chart 4Rates Sensitivity At The Zero-Bound Back Then... The most important divergence occurred in May 2013, with the now infamous Bernanke taper tantrum speech, following which the bond market sold off violently, but the FFR change expectations stayed relatively calm near the zero line (Chart 4). Year-to-date, the 10-year US Treasury yield’s sensitivity to FFR change expectations has ranged between 1-to-1 and 2-to-1 (Chart 5). Looking ahead post the election, the odds are rising of a mammoth fiscal package, especially if there is a “Blue Sweep” but also potentially in a renewed Trump administration. Under such a backdrop the 10-year US Treasury yield would spike and so will FFR hike expectations. Tack on the real possibility of a vaccine landing some time in 2021 and the economy will likely roar, creating a feedback loop further underpinning long bond yields. The only regulatory mechanism for fiscal prudence comes from the bond market. Put differently, only rising interest rates on an expanding debt pile can concentrate politicians’ minds (Chart 6). Therefore, the Fed’s reaction function will be critical in how they deal with the looming increase in interest rates and FFR hike expectations. Chart 5...And Today Chart 6Interest Rates Are The Only Constraint In that scenario, will the Fed try to talk the bond market down, utilize some form of yield curve control (YCC), or do nothing? With the YCC option similar to the 1940s as the most likely outcome as we posited in late summer, we expect that inflation will make a comeback and that would aid the Fed as it will accomplish its recent mission to finally generate inflation. It will also aid the government by inflating its way out of a debt trap by reversing the current dire debt-to-GDP arithmetic (please refer to our June 1 Inflation Special Report for more details on US equity sector implications). From an equity market’s perspective, the Fed’s reaction function poses a short-term risk: an unchecked selloff in the bond market will trigger a more pronounced tech sector underperformance period and unlock excellent value in beaten down financials (Chart 7). This week we continue to add more cyclicality to our portfolio and recommend a small versus large cap size bias on the back of rising odds of a “Blue Trifecta” and a massive stimulus package, and in accordance with our reopening of the economy theme we have been recently exploring. Chart 7Rotation Looming It’s A Small World After All We recommend investors implement a small size bias either via the Russell 2000 IWM:US exchange traded fund versus the SPY or via the S&P small cap IJR:US exchange traded fund at the expense of the SPY. These two small cap ETFs offer the most liquidity and each have roughly $40bn AUM. On March 20 in the middle of the pandemic and then on April 28 we monetized handsome gains for our portfolio by closing out our high- conviction and cyclical large cap bias, respectively. In hindsight, we should have flipped and implemented a small cap bias as up until early June, small caps were outshining large caps. Since then, they have retraced almost half the gains and now present an exploitable opportunity (top panel, Chart 8). The bearish small cap story is by now well ingrained. Small caps are plagued by a heavy debt load, have no or little trailing earnings to show for let alone nearly 1 in 3 small caps have no forward EPS and profit margins have collapsed near the zero line (Chart 8). While debt saddled small caps are a tough pill to swallow, the untold story is warranting some attention. First, according to a recent FT article, there is so much sloshing liquidity around that asset managers cannot raise private debt funds fast enough.1 Not only is the fiscal stimulus providing a lifeline to debt burdened small caps, but also the Fed’s opening up of the monetary spigots has pushed fixed income investors out the risk spectrum. Thus, the proverbial “kicking the can down the road” is boosting the allure of small cap stocks (junk spread shown inverted, top panel, Chart 9). Chart 8All The Bad News Is Priced In Chart 9Catch Up Phase… Second, the sector composition of small versus large caps represents a high-octane version of the SPX cyclicals/defensives portfolio bent that we have been exploring since late-July/early August. Table 2 shows that industrials comprise the largest market cap weight in small cap indexes. Tack on the materials and energy laggards and the deep cyclical (ex-tech) weight increases to 26% or twice the SPX weight. With regard to defensives the small caps have lower exposure compared with the SPX to the tune of 700bps (ex-telecom services). Taken together, the relative cyclicals (ex-tech)/defensives (ex-telecom) gap is 20 percentage points, confirming the small cap universe’s higher beta status. As a result we expect a narrowing of the gap as laggard small caps play catch up (bottom panel, Chart 9). Meanwhile, inflation expectations have recovered smartly from the depths of the COVID-19 accelerated recession and have formed an unmistakable V-shape (top panel, Chart 10). However, the small/large share price ratio has yet to follow suit. In fact, the Commodity Research Bureau’s overall index is also on fire signaling that commodity inflation is making a comeback. Relative share prices remain far apart from the budding recovery in the commodity complex including Dr. Copper’s flirting around with two-year highs (not shown). Table 2S&P 600/S&P 500 Sector Comparison Table If our thesis that the economic recovery will accelerate in the New Year as a vaccine will make possible a full reopening of the economy, then the upshot is that relative share prices will converge higher to rising commodity prices (bottom panel, Chart 10). Chart 10…Looms Large Another way to depict the deep cyclicality of the small cap index is to compare it with the emerging markets (EMs). The small/large ratio is back to where it was at the turn of the century, giving back 15-20 years of outperformance depending on which small cap index one uses (Russell 2000 or S&P 600). Similarly, EMs performance versus the SPX has returned to a depressed level last seen in the aftermath of the dotcom bust and is a carbon copy of the small/large ratio (middle panel, Chart 11). The implication is that small caps go as EMs go and an EM recovery bodes well for a small cap outperformance phase. Circling back to Table 2, the financials sector delta is also significant, with small caps’ exposure relative to their large cap brethren clocking in at over 700bps. Already, the yield curve is steepening and there are high odds of a selloff in the bond market as the economy continues up the reopening path and a vaccine is nearing (bottom panel, Chart 11). Similarly, the VIX has collapsed from north of 80 to below 30 recently confirming that the intense ‘risk off’ phase is over. Nevertheless, there is ample room for the VIX to fall further as it remains stubbornly at an historically elevated print 10 points above the mean. Importantly, the VIX has remained above 20 for over 160 trading days. Were it not for the GFC this would be a record streak (VIX shown inverted, top panel, Chart 11). Finally, the two year drubbing of small caps has worked off some of the overvaluation and our relative Valuation Indicator has returned back to the neutral zone. Importantly, small caps are so unloved and under-owned that our relative Technical Indicator is probing multi-decade lows. Historically, such a depressed relative positioning level has been contrarily positive and served as a launch-pad to significantly higher relative share prices on a cyclical time horizon (Chart 12). Chart 11High Beta ‘Risk On’ Beneficiary Chart 12What’s Not To Like? Adding it all up, a small versus large cap outperformance period looms on the back of rising inflation expectations, a steepening yield curve, a recovering commodity complex, a semblance of normality as the economy fully reopens in 2021, a looming fiscal stimulus package, and deeply oversold conditions. Bottom Line: Initiate a long small caps/short large caps trade today with a 9-12 month time horizon via the long IWM:US/short SPY:US exchange trade funds. Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com Footnotes 1 https://www.ft.com/content/b7e29f0d-d906-421c-9a0a-910099e6eed9 Current Recommendations Current Trades Strategic (10-Year) Trade Recommendations Size And Style Views October 26, 2020 Favor small over large caps July 27, 2020 Overweight cyclicals over defensives June 11, 2018 Long the BCA Millennial basket The ticker symbols are: (AAPL, AMZN, UBER, HD, LEN, MSFT, NFLX, SPOT, TSLA, V). January 22, 2018 Favor value over growth
The chart above presents the three sub-components of our BCA Li Keqiang Leading Indicator, which has risen this year but has fallen since June. The chart makes it clear that while the money and credit components of the indicator are contributing positively,…