財政
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ハイライト
新興国株式ポートフォリオ内で、インド株をアンダーウェイトからニュートラルへ格上げします。
それでも、インドの株価の絶対パフォーマンス見通しは依然として弱気のままです。
財政赤字拡大により、現地の国債利回りが上昇する可能性が高い。
利回りの上昇と依然低迷する成長が、法人税減税の一時的な株価押し上げ効果を圧倒するでしょう。
特集
予想外の抜本的措置が採られたのは、インド経済の成長が劇的に減速したためです。
先週、インド政府は予期せぬ大規模な法人税率引き下げに踏み切りました。政府は実効法人税率を35%から約25%に引き下げました。この劇的な政策変更は投資にどのような影響を及ぼすのでしょうか。
なぜ抜本的措置を講じたのか?
予想外の抜本的措置が採られたのは、インド経済の成長が劇的に減速したためです:
家計の裁量支出が縮小している(Chart I-1)。
企業の設備投資指標は極めて弱く、多くの場合縮小している(Chart I-2)。
Chart I-1
インド:家計の裁量支出は縮小している
インド: 家計の裁量的支出が縮小している
インド: 家計の裁量的支出が縮小している
Chart I-2
インド:設備投資は低迷している
インド:設備投資は低迷している
インド:設備投資は低迷している
上場上位500社の1株当たり利益は現地通貨建てで前年同期比8%減少している(Chart I-3)。
コア指標のインフレは低水準である(Chart I-4)。
Chart I-3
インドの企業利益は縮小している
インドの企業利益は減少している
インドの企業利益は減少している
Chart I-4
インフレは極めて抑制されている
インフレは極めて抑制されている
インフレは極めて抑制されている
中央銀行は利下げを行ってきたが、実質の借入コストは依然として高い。理由はインフレが低下し、実質(インフレ調整後)で見た貸出金利が上昇しているためである(Chart I-5)。
さらに、企業の借入コスト(現地通貨建てBBB社債利回り)は名目GDP成長率を上回っている(Chart I-6)。これは、企業の資本支出に適した水準に借入コストがないことを意味する。
政府が法人税を抜本的に引き下げた決定は現状の環境において正しい政策判断である。政策担当者は企業が投資を行い、好循環が生まれることを期待している。
Chart I-5
実質金利は高く、上昇している
実質金利は高く、上昇している
実質金利は高く、上昇している
Chart I-6
借入金利は名目成長に対して高い
借入金利は名目成長率に比べて高い
借入金利は名目成長率に比べて高い
Chart I-7
商業銀行の貸出:公的銀行対民間銀行
商業銀行の貸出:パブリック対プライベート
商業銀行の貸出:パブリック対プライベート
最後に、貸し手は依然として不良債権の傷を負っている。国有銀行は縮小を余儀なくされ、非銀行系金融会社は現在バランスシートを縮小しており、民間銀行も次いで与信の増加ペースを抑える可能性がある(Chart I-7)。
中央銀行の政策金利を段階的に引き下げても短期的に成長を押し上げる可能性は低いと認識した当局は、財政政策に訴えて景気刺激を図った。インドは不足投資の国であり、設備投資が長期的な成長ポテンシャルの鍵を握る。したがって、政府が法人税を抜本的に引き下げた決定は現状の環境において正しい政策判断である。政策担当者は企業が投資を行い、好循環が生まれることを期待している。
しかし、投資家にとって重要な疑問は、これらの政策が株価の下値を支えるのか、それともより良い買い場は先にあるのか、という点である。
国内債利回りが株価の鍵を握る
この財政刺激に反応して国債や企業の現地通貨債利回りが大幅に上昇すれば、株価は苦戦するだろう。
Chart I-8
高い借入コストは株価にとってマイナス
高い借入コストは株価にとってマイナスである
高い借入コストは株価にとってマイナスである
この財政刺激に反応して国内債利回りが大幅に上昇すれば、株価は苦戦するだろう。対照的に、現地債利回りが現在の水準付近にとどまれば、特に新興国ベンチマークと比較して株価は好調に推移するだろう(Chart I-8)。
重要なのは、株価は来年の利益や配当よりも、金利や長期の成長期待に遥かに敏感である。1 法人税の引き下げは一時的な出来事であり、来年の利益や場合によっては配当を押し上げるが、それは来年だけの効果である。
金利が上昇するか長期の名目成長期待が和らげば、一時的な企業利益の増加だけでは株式の高いバリュエーションを正当化するには不十分である。むしろ、金利上昇や名目成長期待の低下は来年の一時的な企業利益上昇のプラス効果を圧倒するだろう。その結果、株式の公正価値は上昇せずに低下する。
結論: 現地通貨建て債利回りと長期成長期待は、一時的な企業利益の増加よりも株式評価に遥かに重要である。
国内債の見通し
なぜ低迷が続きインフレが非常に低い中で現地債利回りが急騰するのか?
主因は財政赤字の急拡大であり、国債の発行増が必要となることだ。
中央政府の全体の財政赤字はGDP比3.7%であり(最新の法人税引き下げ前)。州政府を合わせると、総合的な財政赤字はGDP比で約6%に達している。
今後、中央予算の赤字は政府が今会計年度のために見積もったGDP比3.3%の予想を大幅に上回るだろう。法人税削減に加えて、政府の歳入成長は急落しており、名目成長が非常に低迷しているため、少なくとも現行会計年度末である2020年3月まで減少し続ける見込みである。
Chart I-9
インド:マネー創出と財政赤字の対比
インド:マネー創造と財政赤字
インド:マネー創造と財政赤字
商業銀行による広義マネー創出が合計財政赤字(純国債発行に相当)に劣る場合、債利回りは上方圧力を受けるだろう。Chart I-9は、総合財政赤字が急増する中で、広義マネー供給の増加分が拡大する赤字を吸収するのに十分でない可能性を示している。
銀行の大規模な国債購入がない限り、公的・民間の双方にとって利用可能な資金は減少することになり、債利回りは上昇するだろう。
新規国債発行が市場に容易に吸収される可能性は低くなっている。預金に対する比率で見た場合、銀行の国債保有は既に28%に達しており、法定最低の18.75%を大きく上回っている。
外国人の国債保有も2014年以降急増している。外国人投資家のインド国債に対する需要は、今後数か月間は以下の理由から鈍る可能性が高い:
現在高い水準にある公的債務対GDP比率が急速に上昇していること。
新興国通貨の下落が新興国フィクスト・インカム市場からの外国資本の流出を誘発し、インドの現地通貨建て債券に対する国際的な需要を損なう可能性があること。
銀行は国債保有の42%、保険会社が23%、投資信託と外国人がそれぞれ3%を占めている。合計で現在発行残高の71%を占める。したがって銀行が公的・民間の双方の資金供給の鍵を握っている。
Chart I-10
RBIの国債保有
RBIの国債保有
RBIの国債保有
債利回り上昇シナリオに対するリスクは、インド中央銀行が国債購入をさらに加速させる場合である(Chart I-10)。その場合、債利回りは抑制されるだろう。しかし、それは量的緩和や公的債務のマネタイズを意味する。後者は通貨安を招き、資本逃避を誘発するだろう。
結論: インドの国債利回りは上昇傾向をたどる可能性が高い。これが現地通貨建ての企業債利回りを押し上げ、結果として株式評価を圧迫するだろう。
投資結論
インド株の絶対的パフォーマンス見通しは依然として弱気である(Chart I-11、上段)。
それにもかかわらず、過去数か月のアンダーパフォームを利用して我々はこの市場を新興国株式ポートフォリオ内でアンダーウェイトからニュートラルへ格上げする。法人税減税により新興国ベンチマークに対する株式のアウトパフォーマンスの可能性は高まったが、オーバーウェイトを正当化するほど高くはない(Chart I-11、下段)。
Chart I-11
インド株価:絶対および相対パフォーマンスのプロファイル
インドの株価:絶対および相対パフォーマンスのプロファイル
インドの株価:絶対および相対パフォーマンスのプロファイル
Chart I-12
我々のインド・ソフトウェアのロング/新興国株のショートポジション
当社のインド・ソフトウェア・ロング/EM株式ショート・ポジション
当社のインド・ソフトウェア・ロング/EM株式ショート・ポジション
他の新興国通貨と同様に、ルピーは今後数か月で反落する脆弱性を抱えている。歴史的に見て、外国人投資家はインドの株式や投資信託に累計1480億ドルを流入させてきた。したがって、インドの成長軌道や財政赤字に関する外国人投資家の失望が蓄積すると、資本流出の期間を引き起こす可能性がある。
通貨安のリスクと我々の「先進国(DM)成長志向を新興国に対して優先する」というテーマは、引き続きインド・ソフトウェア銘柄のロング/新興国全体の株価指数のショートというポジションを支持する。私たちは2016年12月21日にこのポジションを開始しており、かなりの利益を生んでいる(Chart I-12)。
フィクスト・インカム投資家は、1年受け/10年支払のスワップでイールドカーブの急勾配化に引き続き賭けるべきである。
Arthur Budaghyan チーフ・エマージング・マーケッツ・ストラテジスト arthurb@bcaresearch.com
Ayman Kawtharani, 編集者/ストラテジスト ayman@bcaresearch.com
脚注
1 理由は、キャッシュフロー割引モデルの分母には金利と利益の長期的成長率(レート)の両方が存在するためである(株価=期待配当/(金利-利益の長期的成長率))。したがって、これらは株価に対して指数的に影響を与える可能性がある一方で、配当/利益は分子にあるため株価への影響は線形である。
株式の推奨
通貨、クレジットおよびフィクスト・インカムの推奨
Dear Client, Owing to BCA’s 40th Annual Investment Conference at the Grand Hyatt in New York City next week, there will be no report on Wednesday, September 25. We will return to our regular publication schedule on Wednesday, October 2. I look forward to meeting China Investment Strategy clients in person at our conference. Please do not hesitate to say hello. Best regards, Jing Sima China Strategist Highlights China’s economy should bottom as a result of the pickup in credit that occurred earlier this year, but the circumstances surrounding the ongoing slowdown are unprecedented in nature. This raises the risk that policymakers will have to do more in order to stabilize growth. Optimism surrounding recent Chinese policy announcements is misguided. For now, Chinese policymakers are not upping the pace of stimulus, which underscores the risk to our forecast that growth will soon stabilize. A more meaningful shot of reflation will occur in the coming few months if the economy slows further, but policymakers will be reactive rather than proactive. Barring a successful (even if temporary) trade deal, we expect more weakness in the RMB as a passive source of reflation to aid the economy. But currency devaluation is a double-edged sword, and cannot be counted on to single-handedly stabilize China’s economy. Over a 6-12 month time horizon, investors should continue to overweight Chinese stocks versus the global benchmark in currency hedged terms, but the risk of further underperformance over the near-term is high. Feature Chinese economic growth continues to weaken. The Caixin manufacturing PMI for August, along with the New Export Orders component of the manufacturing PMI released by China’s National Bureau of Statistics, registered small gains in August from July. However, any hopes pinned on this being an emerging sign of turnaround in the Chinese economy soon faded. A slew of August data showed continued sluggishness in exports, an even worse domestic-demand picture, and further deflation in ex-factory producer prices. Most importantly, we continue to witness “half-measured” stimulus. In explaining past and existing economic weakness, many investors point to the trade war with the U.S. However, Charts 1 and 2 serve as an important reminder that domestic weakness predates U.S. protectionism. The trade war tensions and tariffs are magnifying this weakness, but China’s slowdown is, at its core, policy driven. Chart 1Weakness In Chinese Economy Predates The Trade War... Chart 2…And Has Been A Byproduct Of Financial De-Risking Campaign Given this, investors should be more focused on identifying signs of a major reversal in policy. So far Chinese policymakers have been firmly holding their line in keeping credit growth somewhat in check. Policy-Induced Economic Stabilization: A Tough Forecast To Make Our baseline view is that the current scale of stimulus should be sufficient to stop economic growth from decelerating further. Two factors support our baseline view: The direct impact from tariffs on the Chinese economy is limited. Growth in China’s exports to the U.S. in 2019 is likely to be somewhere close to a 9% contraction, down from the 10.8% increase registered in 2018. Based on a simple calculation with all else being equal, this is likely to shave 1.6 percentage points off China’s total export growth and 0.3 percentage points off nominal GDP growth in 2019. This is not trivial, but arguably not devastating to China’s aggregate economy either. There is anecdotal evidence suggesting some Chinese exports have been re-routed to peripheral countries such as Vietnam and Taiwan in order to avoid the U.S. import tariffs on Chinese goods (Chart 3). This suggests that real growth in Chinese exports to the U.S. could be stronger than the current data suggests. Chart 3Exports Finding Alternative Routes? Chart 4Bottoming in the economy In Sight? Credit growth has picked up since the beginning of this year. Based on the historical relationship between China’s credit impulse (measured by the 12-month change in BCA’s adjusted total social financing as a percentage of nominal GDP) and domestic demand, the economy should bottom out at some point before the end of the year (Chart 4). Although, import growth, a key measure of China’s domestic demand, remains in deep contraction, some of its components that usually lead industrial activities are showing signs of improvement (Chart 5). Chart 5Early Signs of Improved Domestic Demand Chart 6Manufacturing Investment Growth In Contraction However, our level of confidence that the existing stimulus will be sufficient to stabilize economic growth is lower than it otherwise would be. This is due to the fact that the challenges facing the Chinese economy are unprecedented in nature. For one, the indirect impact of the trade war on China’s economy through business sentiment and manufacturing investment has yet to be fully revealed in the data. As Chart 6 shows, manufacturing investment is already deteriorating, particularly in export-intensive sectors. The ultimate impact on investment from the trade war is still uncertain, and can pose significant downside risks to the Chinese economy in the coming year. More importantly, as Chart 7 suggests, a weak credit impulse will at best lead to a very subdued economic recovery even if growth does indeed bottom. In terms of the link between policy and the economy, Chart 8 points out a key difference between the current slowdown and previous down cycles: Monetary conditions have been ultra-loose for more than a year, but current economic conditions remain on a downward trend – much more so than in the previous cycles. This huge gap and lag in economic response to monetary stance can only be explained by an impaired policy transmission mechanism. An expansionary monetary stance has not proportionally translated into credit expansion or economic recovery. This challenges the effectiveness and timeliness of future monetary loosening in terms of its ability to revive the Chinese economy. Chart 7Current Pace Of Credit Growth Will Lead To A Fragile Recovery, At Best Chart 8An Impaired Monetary Policy Transmission The scale and timing of the current stimulus measures have been “behind the curve.” Therefore, the historical relationship between China’s credit impulse and the turning points in the economy may not apply to the current cycle. Bottom Line: China’s economy should bottom as a result of the pickup in credit that occurred earlier this year, but the circumstances surrounding the ongoing slowdown are unprecedented in nature. This raises the risk that policymakers will have to do more in order to stabilize growth. An Unusually Prudent Policy Bias For some, the recent slew of announcements on upcoming stimulus qualified as a major shift in policy bias. Our analysis suggests otherwise. The bank reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts announced late in August have been among the most cited policy announcements, with the PBoC stating that the new cuts will release RMB 900 billion of fresh liquidity.1 In our view, this measure is more about maintaining liquidity in China’s large commercial banks than adding to it (on a net basis). Chart 9RRR Cuts May Not Be That Stimulative Chart 9 shows that, in previous episodes of meaningful RMB depreciation against the U.S. dollar, in order to prevent the RMB from falling at an undesirable pace, PBoC has had to intervene in the spot market by selling U.S. dollars. The selling of U.S. dollars in this round of RMB depreciation has been much more muted than in 2015-2016, but we suspect some intervention has taken place following each bout of escalation in the trade war. This has had a liquidity tightening effect on banks, as selling central bank foreign-exchange reserves reduces liquidity in the banking system. It is very likely that following the PBoC’s defense of the RMB in the last two months, the RRR cuts were a measure aimed at preventing a liquidity crunch ahead of the September tax season. If true, this hardly qualifies as net new stimulus for the economy. There were also two important announcements that came out of the September 5th State Council meeting: The entire 2019 quota for local government special project bonds must be issued by the end of September, and all money raised from the bonds must be disbursed to projects by the end of October. This too is not exactly “stimulative,” as over 90% of the 2019 local government special-project bond quota has already been issued. This leaves less than 10% of the quota outstanding, an 80% decline from what was issued last September. On a quarterly basis, special-bond issuance in the third quarter of 2019 will end up being 30% lower than the same period last year. It was also announced that, in order to meet the local needs for construction of key projects, part of 2020’s special bonds quota will be allocated in advance to ensure that the funds are available for use at the beginning of next year.2 While the announcement did not indicate how much in the way of special-purpose bonds local governments are allowed to frontload through the remainder of this year, we maintain our view that this is not a policy shift towards materially larger stimulus than we have seen so far this year: Without an additional quota, local government special-purpose bond issuance would essentially fall to zero in the fourth quarter as the 2019 target would be hit by the end of September. Thus, the frontloading of next year’s bond issuance will only “fill the gap” between now and year-end. As special-purpose bond issuance only accounts for 15% of total funding for local governments’ infrastructure spending, the new measure alone is unlikely to meaningfully accelerate investment growth.3 We have noted in previous reports that in order for local governments to accelerate spending within the current fiscal budget framework, one of three things must occur: more direct funding from the central government, an acceptance by policymakers of more shadow bank lending, or a larger quota for bond issuance. So far we have not seen any of the above-mentioned shifts in policy. Chart 10Local Governments Tightening Belt This Year The only positive sign for local government spending has been a pickup in land sales in Q2, which makes up more than 70% of local government revenues. But, it is far from making up the shortfalls in local governments’ budgets (Chart 10). Local governments are facing considerable fiscal pressure as annual tax revenue growth has fallen to near zero. Critically, the government’s regulatory stance on local government budgets has continued to tighten: Local governments have been ordered by the Ministry of Finance to liquidate state-owned assets to fund their budget deficits this year.4 This austerity measure is also being met with explicit reiteration from the Ministry of Finance on the central government not bailing out local governments, and that local government officials are held responsible for their own borrowing and spending.5 Bottom Line: Optimism surrounding recent Chinese policy announcements is misguided. For now, Chinese policymakers are not upping the pace of stimulus, which underscores the risk to our forecast that growth will soon stabilize. A more meaningful shot of reflation will occur in early 2020 if the economy slows further in Q4, but policymakers will most likely continue their reactive approach rather than proactive. RMB Depreciation: A Plus Or Peril? The RMB’s renewed depreciation since August initially raised fears among global investors that an uncontrolled decline might occur, but these fears have subsided over the past several weeks. Even though the USD-CNY exchange rate has broken the psychological 7 threshold, it is not forming a linear downward trend. Unlike after the August 2015 devaluation, it appears that the PBoC can successfully enact countercyclical measures to guide the RMB’s value higher following each large depreciation (Chart 11). Chart 11PBoC Not Panicking Over RMB Depreciation Fears of uncontrolled capital outflows following the depreciation are also abating. We presented a dashboard for monitoring short-term capital outflows from China in our March 20 Special Report,6 and an update of these indicators suggests that China’s heightened capital controls are holding – i.e., outflows have not escalated as they did in 2015 (Chart 12). Chart 12No Major Capital Outflow Chart 13RMB Depreciation Partially Offsets Tariffs Thus, the conclusion is that Chinese policymakers appear to be in control of the currency. The reduced risk of an uncontrolled decline has allowed policymakers to (passively) provide meaningful stimulus to the domestic economy via depreciation. Indeed, the RMB has not only depreciated against the USD, but also against many Asian currencies including direct trade competitors such as Vietnam and Taiwan (Chart 13). This is helping offset the negative impact of U.S. tariffs on Chinese exporters. But currency devaluation can come with a price tag – in particular for corporations that have borrowed heavily in U.S. dollar-denominated debt. We estimate that $440 billion of U.S. dollar debt will be maturing over the coming two years, for Chinese companies and banks in the aggregate.7 A 12% depreciation in the RMB since April 2018 means that debt servicing costs will be 12% higher for unhedged debtors. This is particularly painful for real estate and financial services companies, two of the largest holders of U.S. dollar-denominated loans, and the weakest sectors in the current economic downturn. Most importantly, while currency devaluation ease the slowdown, it cannot be counted on to stabilize Chinese economic activity on its own. For example, while our earnings recession model suggests that the decline in the RMB since May has reduced the odds of a major decline in economic activity by roughly 20%, the model also shows that such an event is still highly probable (current odds are roughly at 70%). Bottom Line: Barring a successful (even if temporary) trade deal, we expect more weakness in the RMB as a passive source of reflation to aid the economy. But currency devaluation is a double-edged sword, and cannot be counted on to single-handedly stabilize China’s economy if a further slowdown occurs. An Update On Corporate Earnings Against a backdrop of what may turn out to be insufficient policy support, the earnings picture is providing one modest positive for equity investors. While the growth rate in investable earnings per share has slowed significantly over the past year (Chart 14), it has merely fallen to zero and not deeply into negative territory, as what seemingly occurred in 2015-2016. In our view, the risk of a similar collapse in earnings per share (EPS) has been an important factor weighing on Chinese investable equities’ relative performance since June 2018. In reality, a closer examination of MSCI China Index earnings reveals that a huge decline in EPS this year was never really a threat, because the apparent collapse in 2015-2016 did not actually transpire. Changes to the composition in the MSCI China Index that took effect in November 2015 and June 2016 had the effect of depressing index EPS, due to the sizeable inclusion of a set of richly valued stocks. Chart 15 presents BCA’s calculation of “break-adjusted” EPS for Chinese investable stocks, which shows that EPS growth bottomed out at -10% in late-2016, as opposed to the -28% implied by the unadjusted series. Chart 14Investable EPS Has Yet To Contract Meaningfully Chart 15The Potential Downside For Earnings Is Less Than Many Fear Chart 16A Cyclical Recovery In Earnings Has Not Yet Begun The existence of less downside potential for earnings is certainly positive for investable stocks at the margin, but it does not alter the outlook for equity fundamentals over the coming year. We have shown in several previous reports that there is a strong and reliable link between investable EPS growth and China’s coincident economic activity,8 and the continued slowing in the latter does not suggest that a bottom in earnings is imminent. In addition, Chart 16 highlights that while net earnings revisions have recovered from their early-year lows, they remain in negative territory and have stopped rising over the past few weeks. Twelve-month forward EPS momentum, also presented on a break-adjusted basis, is modestly negative, and has recently weakened (panel 2). Bottom Line: The downside risk to earnings for Chinese investable equities is less than many investors fear. But absent stronger credit growth, it remains too early to confidently project a cyclical earnings recovery. Investment Conclusions The historical relationship between credit growth and economic activity suggests that the latter should soon stabilize, which is our base case view for the coming few months. Still, the risk of a further, meaningful deceleration in growth is elevated, given the unprecedented circumstances surrounding the ongoing slowdown. For equity investors, less potential downside risks to earnings than previously feared is a positive at the margin, but the fundamental outlook still hinges on a durable pickup in economic activity. Over a 6-12 month time horizon, this implies that one of two scenarios will unfold: The economy will stabilize in response to the easing that has already occurred (i.e. our base case view). The economy slows further in the near-term, prompting a more significant policy response that leads to an even sharper pickup in activity. Chart 17Investable Stocks: An Overshoot To The Downside? In the first scenario, investable stocks have probably overshot to the downside versus the global benchmark and thus will very likely outperform from current levels. Near-term performance is likely to be flat-to-down, as investors await hard evidence of a sequential improvement in growth (Chart 17). In the second scenario, investable stocks are at potentially acute near-term risk, but will likely eventually outperform global stocks once activity begins to pick up sharply. In this scenario, the outperformance of Chinese equities will commence later, but would likely still occur by the tail end of our cyclical investment horizon (6-12 months). As a final point, we are not ruling out the possibility of a temporary trade deal between the U.S. and China, as both sides have the incentive to avoid a further escalation and are now showing goodwill towards constructive negotiations. This may change our tactical view on Chinese stocks, but our cyclical view remains focused on China’s domestic policy and economic fundamentals. Jing Sima China Strategist JingS@bcaresearch.com Footnotes 1 PBC Official: The RRR Cut Aims at Bolstering Real Economy, September 6, 2019 2 China to accelerate the issuance and use of special local government bonds to catalyze effective investment, China State Council, September 4, 2019 3 Please see Emerging Markets Strategy Special Report, “Chinese Infrastructure Investment: A Ramp-Up Ahead?”, dated August 1, 2019, available at ems.bcaresearch.com 4 China’s Local Governments Sell Assets to Make Up for Revenue Loss, Caixin, September 3, 2019 5 http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/caizhengxinwen/201909/t20190906_3382239.htm?mc_cid=eb2b199651&mc_eid=9da16a4859 6 Please see China Investment Strategy Special Report, “Monitoring Chinese Capital Outflows”, dated March 20, 2019, available at cis.bcaresearch.com 7 Please see Emerging Markets Strategy Special Report, “China’s Foreign Debt, And A Secret Weapon”, dated September 12, 2019, available at ems.bcaresearch.com 8 Please see China Investment Strategy Weekly Report, “Threading A Stimulus Needle (Part 2):Will Proactive Fiscal Policy Lose Steam?”, dated July 24, 2019, available at cis.bcaresearch.com Cyclical Investment Stance Equity Sector Recommendations
Juxtaposed with news that China is once again buying U.S. soybeans, rumors that the U.S. could be willing to mollify its position are causing overbought and expensive bonds to rebound. However, we have been here before. Good news on trade come and go and the…

